World War I And The Treaty Of Versailles - 1604 Words

Have you ever wondered why World War II happened despite World War I being the war to end all wars? World War I lasted four years and was very gruesome. Much of the Western Front was destroyed and about 10 million people died. Germany ended the war by ceasing fire and making an armistice on November 11, 1918. The Allied Power had successfully defeated the Central Powers and America had accomplished their goal to end the war. After the surrender from Germany, the Allied Power met up to make a treaty with Germany, however, Germany was not invited to come and negotiate. The Treaty of Versailles would soon be created and it would put most of the blame of World War I on Germany. The Treaty of Versailles contributed to the onset of World War II†¦show more content†¦There were four main leaders during the Versailles Conference and they were: Woodrow Wilson, George Clemenceau, David Lloyd George, and Vittorio Orlando. Each of them had major goals that would benefit them since the wa r was on their land. Vittorio Orlando, the Prime Minister of Italy, worked to get the extra land for Italy. Originally, they would not have been able to do this since Italy was originally an ally of Germany, but they switched over to the Allied Powers in 1915 and declared war on Germany. Italy was promised land as a reward for helping out and switching over to the Allied Powers. David Lloyd George, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, asked for justice and not for revenge. He wanted Germany to pay for the damages done to Britain’s military, Germany’s colonies, and for Gremany to be stipped of its navy. He also helped Wilson and Clemenceau compromise. George Clemenceau, the Prime Minister of France, wanted both revenge and to punish the Germans. He wanted Germany to pay for the damage done during the war and to weaken Germany so that they could never invade France again. He also wanted Germany to give up Rhineland, Alsace-Lorraine, and the Saar. Lastly, he wanted German y to be totally and permanently disarmed so that it could not attack other nations. Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States of America, just wanted to end the war by making a fair peace treaty. He devised the

Assessment of Cloud Computing Security Issue - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Assessment of Cloud Computing Security Issue. Answer: Introduction Regarding the definition provided by National Institute of Technology and Standards, cloud computing is a framework that enables convenient, ubiquitous, network access to a pool of computer systems that share configurable computing resources. The framework can be provisioned or released with minimal or no management efforts. Cloud computing enable individuals to tap into virtual environments, applications, and basic computing tools supplied by software and technical infrastructures (iHLS, 2017). For deployment of cloud computing frameworks, three designations are commonly used. The designations are public, private, and hybrid cloud. The private cloud framework is where a client or the software vendor manages the cloud-computing infrastructure and makes available the shared technical resources to the users only. On the contrary, a public cloud framework ensures that the technical resources are available for the public to access. The clients have the chance to use the frameworks facili ties free of charge. The hybrid framework then combines the elements for both public and private frameworks (Alsafi, Abduallah, and Pathan, 2014). Cloud computing can also be categorized depending on the service it provides. Since Australia has a trade friendly environment because of its good policies, an affluent consumer base, and developed infrastructure the country has become an attractive market for global cloud exporters. According to Gartners report, net spending on cloud computing in Australia stood at $4.8 billion in 2016. The amount is forecasted to even grow by the end of 2017 to about $5.6 billion. The growth has also been associated with the fact that the country provides a good legal framework that combats cybercrime, well established intellectual property protections, and safe data center environments. In the cloud services market of Australia, the leading companies are Amazon Web Services, Equinix, Microsoft, and IBM. The private sector and the government are potential buyers of cloud services (IBM, 2017). The participation of Australia in trade agreements using digital components of trade has enabled the country to access the global computing market. According to the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement, electronic supply of services and nondiscriminatory treatment of digital products are guaranteed. After joining the Government Procurement Agreement, Australia ensured that its accession enshrined protections against laws and policies that favored cloud suppliers. The agreement promoted trade in Australias digital economy. Such agreements facilitated copyrights protection, free flow of data, and prohibition of data localization. Overall, it is Australias proper ICT infrastructure that has suited cloud computing. The Australian government; through its National Broadband Network, is targeting 93% coverage of fiber broadband in schools, homes, and businesses come 2021 (Instruction, 2004). Aims and Objectives Aims The main aim of this activity is to identify challenges of security associated with the adoption of cloud computing then provide mitigation measures for such challenges Objectives To identify challenges of security associated with the adoption of cloud computing. To provide mitigation measures for such challenges. To provide detailed market assessment information on Australian companies interested in expanding or entering in international markets. To address issues regarding markets of cloud computing. To highlight factors that influence attractiveness and cohesiveness of global markets for Australian cloud-computing providers. Toranktop global cloud computing market of Australia while focusing on market potential and enterprise adoption. Research Questions What are security challenges associated with the adoption of cloud computing? What are the mitigation measures for the identified cloud computing challenges? What are the factors that influence attractiveness and cohesiveness of global markets for Australian cloud-computing providers? Methods Used In our activity, we use models, practices, and architectures to handle cloud computing security issues. The methods will be used to identify security issues and software engineering related solutions for handling the identified issues. The term cloud computing was not used until 2008 when reviews were performed on cloud computing resources provided by service providers like Google Apps Engine, Salesforce.com, Rackspace, among other companies (Cloud Services, 2017). The idea behind this research activity is to identify the best real-time practices for mitigating cloud computing security challenges. The result is to have the gaps stopping enthusiastic organizations from developing and using cloud computing stopped (Cloud Services, 2017). Most of the research activity in this paper has been made possible through the help of existing body of reports relating to the adoption of cloud computing adoption in several countries. The research sources have enabled us to cover an array of topics like the environment of digital international trade environment, Internet traffic and penetration, e-payments and e-trade readiness, ICT laws and regulatory environment, and usage of Internet business ICT. Other topics are: Cloud spending figures Overall readiness of networks. To get further information on the mentioned topics, other consulted resources were: The Global Information Technology Report -2015 (World Economic Forum). The G20 E-Trade Readiness Index-2014 (Economist Intelligence Unit) The Global Flows in a Digital Age Report-2014 (McKinsey Global Institute) The BSA Global Cloud Computing Scorecard-2013 (The Software Alliance) Gartners Public Cloud Services Spending Data (2013-2019) The final inputs on cloud computing challenges are comments that are from the Australian Department of Commerce concerning international cloud markets. All the findings from the mentioned sources are compared and analyzed. The obtained information is subjective because cloud-computing sector is fast changing and characterized by inadequate market data, which are publicly accessible. On the contrary, we have also performed an extensive review on the available data as provided in the reports. Therefore, in as much as the information sources do not perfectly capture the facet of global cloud markets, they still are a useful reference tool for professionals in cloud computing (Modi, et al., 2012). Literature Review Benefits of Security In Cloud Computing The ?exibility, power, and ease with which cloud-computing technology is employed come with several security challenges. In as much as cloud computing is a new way of making work and access of applications easier, several factors hinder its adoption. Some of the factors are content for migration, Service Level Agreements, security, among others. The framework of cloud computing comprises of an automatic updates feature. This feature works in the sense that every user can experience any change done by the frameworks administrator on any application. From the same, we can conclude that any software fault is experience by every user of the system. Such is a risk to any organization without proper security. As mentioned earlier, several research activities have proved that the adoption of cloud computing concept comes with several security concerns that companies must be ready to tackle. Among cloud computing challenges, security concerns come first as associate challenges of the framewo rk. Every organization employing cloud computing for its operations must ensure that it updates its security policies to reduce occurrences of security breaches (Modi, et al., 2012). Key Findings Cloud Computing Challenges According to IT related surveys on cloud computing, 74% of respondents (IT executives) claimed that security in the main challenge in the field of cloud computing. The cloud service provider is responsible for the security level of cloud computing services rendered. Such is because the providers are responsible for security provision and data storage. The challenges associated with cloud computing is categorized into: Data Security In this case, the challenge is considered in form of data protection. When service providers implement security measures in small and micro enterprises, it might not be as cost effective as required. However, in case two or more organizations share cloud resource, risks associated with data misuse becomes a possibility. In such a situation, securing of data repositories is advisable. The data itself should be secured as well in every stage such as transit, process, or even storage. Because such kind of resource sharing is prevalent in many cloud-computing scenarios, data protection is vital and such challenge should most importantly be addresses. In instances where a pool of resources is shared, ensuring data security can be challenging compared to personal computer protection. The problem has even become difficult to deal with in recent times due to the introduction of new paradigm cloud computing (Greenough, and Camhi, 2016). To ensure that the security on data repositories is enha nced, service providers need to provide authorization, better authentication, and controlled access for stored data. Some of the key areas associated with cloud computing data security include: Con?dentiality Organizational data being stored outside the boundaries of the firm should be protected against vulnerabilities. Protection should, thus include adoption of security checks by employees to ensure that such data is not maliciously attacked. There are tests used to help organizations validate and assess the extent of data protection. Such tests are access control weaknesses, cross-site scripting, injection flaws for OS and SQL, cross-site request forgery, hidden ?eld manipulation, cookie manipulation, insecure con?guration, and insecure storage (Swanson, 2015). Integrity There are no policies associated with data exchange oversight. However, ensuring that client data is secure involves the employment of thin clients in situations where few resources are available. Because only few resources are given access, storage of personal data like passwords is prohibited. Data integrity can also be assured by extra cloud features like unpublished APIs to secure data sections (Cloud Services, 2017). Availability The availability of data is one of the most problematic issues in data security. As a challenge, it causes organizations to face downtime issues. The unavailability or availability of a particular cloud service depends on signed contract between the cloud vendor and the client. However, other issues should be addressed in relation to data security. Such issues include: Data ownership rights Third party involvement Confirmation through cloud computing applications if the data provided by cloud providers is lawfully gained. Confirmation if data failure is an administrative or civil issue. The mentioned concerns are likely to occur because of data log multi transfers between federated cloud providers (Cloud Services, 2017). Data Locality Data locality includes issues pertaining to risk of seizure, jurisdictional issues, and inability to govern. The topic also associates with the use of cloud computing applications and storage services. Since it is clear that cloud computing allows data to be hosted anywhere, data has to be distributed in several regions. With that distribution, it then becomes clear that changing the geographical location of data leads change in laws governing the same data. Such, therefore, demonstrates data privacy and compliance laws of a given country affect that users data. Users should therefore, be informed about the geographical location in which their data is kept (in the cloud). Service providers can also provide the location of data if changes need to be made or in case a mechanism for tracking data location could help customers a great deal. The government always has the chance of compromising or seizing data of an organization because the information stored in the framework of cloud comp uting is in a single data repository. In such a case, data owners need to assure cloud providers if such data meet jurisdiction constraints before cloud storage. All the existing contractual commitments must be verified as well to determine if agreement to requirements of local privacy are met (PNMSOFT, 2017). Data Integrity Systems that maintain data integrity would ensure that assets could be accessed or modified by authorized personnel (in ways that are also authorized). Data modification to meet integrity could be imposed on hardware or software system entities. The integrity of data in an isolated system is maintained through transaction and database constraints. However, maintenance must be performed in a distributed environment. A distributed environment is one in which databases are spread to different places for the purpose of maintaining data integrity and avoiding data loss. Verification of data integrity is very important. It is important to verify data in case the server used is untrusted. Web-based services are associated with constant transaction management problems. Such problems are because of the HTTP services. The truth is that HTTP services dont guarantee delivery or support transaction. The problem can, therefore be managed through the implementation of transaction management at API (Application Programing Interface) levels. Standards for managing web services and data integrity exist. However, because the standards are not mature enough, they cannot be implemented. It is clear that vendors who deal with SaaS usually have their web service APIs exposed without transactional support. In addition, SaaS applications are likely to have multiple availability levels and Service Level Agreement (SLAs) complicated with data integrity and management of transactions within multiple SaaS applications. In adequate levels of data integrity control could lead to severe issues. Cloud computing service developers need to handle SaaS issues with a lot of care to ensure that the integrity of databases is not compromised when using the applications of cloud computing. In certain instances failure to check the integrity of data would likely lead to data fabrication. In simple terms, the management of data integrity in cloud storage starts with the correct management of metadata (P NMSOFT, 2017). Data Breaches When talking about cloud computing, we look into the fact that organizational or personal data is stored in the cloud environment. In case anyone with a malicious intent gets access to the cloud environment, the environment suffers a likelihood of high value target. A breach could occur through several ways. However, the most common are through accidental transmission issues or attack from the inside. If a breach occurs, data is compromised leading to increase of security risks. Breach notification is therefore, highly recommended in the cloud. Notification is important because it is used to notify serious attacks in the cloud (Rouse, 2017). Top Cloud Computing Markets Looking into issues of cloud computing in a global industry standpoint, maintaining a competitive, innovative, and open digital market while addressing data privacy issues continues to be a challenging issue. The cloud computing industry faces issues relating to data privacy and government efforts to ensure the maintenance of national security to its citizens. However, from the technological perspective, SaaS consolidation continues to be a success as well as the application of PaaS and IaaS. Clouds that are hybrid currently do well. Their market prevalence and utilization is also increasing (Supply Chain, 2017). However, the cloud computing industry as a whole is realizing a healthy expansion with increasing sales, business acceptance, and adoption. Furthermore, Gartner argues that by 2020, a no-cloud policy is likely to be as rare as a no Internet policy in the current society (Swanson, 2015). The 2015 World Economic Forum provides the top 20 nations according to the Network Readiness Index. As shown in figure two above, it is clear that all the countries are high income advanced. In as much as some of the highlighted countries make significant advances towards efforts of ICT development, those that are able to avail business needs and market opportunities are the most technologically developed and wealthiest nations. On the contrary, less advanced IT societies like Australia are currently increasing cloud-based services demand (Leading Edge, 2017). Industrial Overview With the quicker rise of SaaS and continued prominence of cloud computing, the cloud ecosystem is steadily shaping. The field is yet to show strongest growth in deployments and revenues. By 2016, the global revenues of SaaS had expanded by about $106 billion. However, it is forecasted that by SaaS will realize sales of about $132 billion by 2020 (Lombardo, 2017). According to Gartners report of 2016, a lot of forward-looking and insightful strategic business assumptions are made for the future of cloud computing. The assumptions are: The cloud-first approach has dominated the defensive stance of software vendor strategies. Come 2020, the no-cloud policy will be as rare as todays no-Internet. The hybrid framework will be most common though it will require the public cloud to be part of the entire strategy. Come 2020, a lot of computing power will be deployed; courtesy of PaaS and IaaS cloud providers (Oracle, 2017). IaaSs computing market has registered a 40% revenue growth annually since 2011. Such a growth is projected to continue with a further increase of 25% through to 2019. In as much as there are certain data and applications that will be locked on older technologies, the new solutions will be cloud-based leading to the increase in demand for infrastructural integration. Come 2019, IaaS providers will be responsible for delivering most virtual machines. According to Gartners report, computing revenue of PaaS and IaaS in 2016 is 13% less than worldwide servers revenue. However, come 2020, the revenue for PaaS and IaaS is likely to exceed $60 billion and even surpass that of servers (University, 2016). Recommendation In order to provide better oversight and manage cloud-computing services, this activity recommends that cloud providers should identify the recommended key criteria and contract provisions in situation when they are reviewing CSP contracts (Berman, 2014). By doing so, service providers will understand the risks they are likely to face in such situations. Another provision that should be addressed is carrying out an independent third-party assessment while including a description of IT controls as well as follow-up action plans for addressing reports that are issued (Lombardo, 2017). Conclusion In summary, this research paper has provided detailed market assessment information for Australian companies that interested in expanding or entering in international cloud markets. We have also exhaustively addressed issues within the global cloud-computing markets. On the same note, we have also highlighted the factors influencing the attractiveness and cohesiveness of global markets for Australian cloud-computing providers (Prof, 2017). The paper has also shown the top ranking for global cloud computing markets while focusing on market potential and enterprise adoption. Most of the information used in this research paper is based on data from the Australian Bureau of Economic Analysis alongside other relevant reports on regulations and policing, business adoption, and Internet infrastructure (Jessica, 2017). Reference Almudawi, N. (2016). Cloud Computing Privacy Concerns in Social Networks. [online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305682186_Cloud_Computing_Privacy_Concerns_in_Social_Networks [Accessed 7 Jun. 2017]. Alsafi, H., Abduallah, W., and Pathan, A. (2014). IDPS: An Integrated Intrusion Handling Model for Cloud Computing Environment. [online] Available at: https://staff.iium.edu.my/sakib/ndclab/papers/IDPS-v5.pdf [Accessed 7 Jun. 2017]. Bala, R. (2017). Unit Guide. [online]. Unitguides.mq.edu.au. Available at: https://unitguides.mq.edu.au/unit_offerings/72118/unit_guide [Accessed 24 Sep. 2017]. Berman, J. (2014). IBMs Emerging Market Strategy Has 3 Pillars. [online] Harvard Business Review. Available at: https://hbr.org/2014/11/ibms-emerging-market-strategy-has-3-pillars [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Modi, D. Patel, H. Patel, B. Borisaniya, A. Patel and M. Rajarajan. (2012). A survey of intrusion detection techniques in Cloud, Journal of Network and Computer Applications. [online] Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2012.05.003. Cloud Services. (2017). Cloud Computing Technologies: Cloud Services. Cloud Computing Technologies. [online] Available at: https://www.cloudcomputingtechnologies.com/ [Accessed 7 Jun. 2017]. Greenough, J. and Camhi, J. (2016). Here are IoT trends that will change the way businesses, governments, and consumers interact with the world. [online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/top-internet-of-things-trends-2016-1?IR=T [Accessed 22 May 2017]. IBM (2017). IBM General Management Leadership Development Program. [online] Www-03.ibm.com. Available at: https://www-03.ibm.com/employment/gmldp/ [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. iHLS. (2017). Current IoT Security Industry Trends - iHLS. [online] iHLS. Available at: https://i-hls.com/archives/75718 [Accessed 22 May 2017]. Instruction, C. (2004). NATIONAL INFORMATION ASSURANCE TRAINING STANDARD FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS SECURITY OFFICERS. [online] Available at https://www.ecs.csus.edu/csc/iac/cnssi_4014.pdf [Accessed 22 May 2017]. Jessica, L. (2017). IBMs Generic Strategy and Intensive Growth Strategies - Panmore Institute. [online] Panmore Institute. Available at: https://panmore.com/ibm-generic-strategy-intensive-growth-strategies [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Leading Edge. (2017). Cloud Computing vs. Traditional IT Infrastructure | Leading Edge. LeadingEdge IT Services Solutions. [online] Available at: https://www.leadingedgetech.co.uk/it-services/it-consultancy-services/cloud-computing/how-is-cloud-computing-different-from-traditional-it-infrastructure/ [Accessed 7 Jun. 2017]. Lombardo, J. (2017). IBMs Organizational Structure Product Management - Panmore Institute. [online] Panmore Institute. Available at: https://panmore.com/ibm-organizational-structure-product-management [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Open Innovation. (2003). Open Innovation :: Open Innovation Community. [online] Openinnovation.net. Available at: https://openinnovation.net/about-2/open-innovation-definition/ [Accessed 24 Sep. 2017]. Oracle (2017). Working with the Payroll Cycle. Docs.oracle.com. Available at: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E16582_01/doc.91/e15133/wrk_wi_payroll_cycl.htm#EOAPY00190 [Accessed 24 Sep. 2017]. Palmer, A. (2017). Actuaries Managing Risks. Available at: https://actuaries.asn.au/microsites/actuaries-managing-risk PNMSOFT. (2017). Business Process Management. [online] (BPM) Software. Available at: https://www.pnmsoft.com/resources/bpm-tutorial/bpm/ [Accessed 24 Sep. 2017]. Prof. (2017). IBM human resource practices and HRM theories: Integration of HRM theories into IBMs practices. [online] Profi20.livejournal.com. Available at: https://profi20.livejournal.com/11631.html [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Rouse, M. (2017). What is business process management (BPM)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] SearchCIO. Available at: https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/business-process-management [Accessed 24 Sep. 2017]. Supply Chain (2017). IBM and the Environment - Supply chain. [online] Ibm.com. Available at: https://www.ibm.com/ibm/environment/supply/ [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Swanson, M. (2015). Developing Security Plans for Federal Information Systems. [online] Available at https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-18r1.pdf [Accessed 22 May 2017]. University, B. (2016). Information Assurance Security Plan. [online] Available at https://www.bellevue.edu/degrees/center-for-cybersecurity-education/pdfs/ia-security-plan.pdf [Accessed 22 May 2017].

Anti-Federalism essays

Anti-Federalism essays The adoption of the U.S. Constitution created a centralized authority giving a great amount of power to the federal government. I think that the governments powers should be reduced and more equally divided among its branches. With such things we could have specific limitations on the government's taxation and commerce powers as well as many other things that would make our society better for the people. I feel that the Articles of Confederation work, they just need amending. This new found liberty is something that shouldn't be given up on so easily. At the Constitutional convention in which George Washington was elected President many key people were absent from the meeting; Thomas Jefferson and John Adams were away on foreign affairs and Patrick Henry refused to attend the meeting because he "smelt a rat". Patrick Henry's suspections were correct being that James Madison who had been behind the formation of the meeting had in mind the creation of a powerful central government and the subversion of the authority of the state legislatures. With the meeting being held without the presents of some of the country's major political leaders, decisions were not made to their greatest potential. In their absence some ideas were proposed such as Madison's idea that called for the near annihilation of the State legislatures and the creation of an implied empire. Other ideas came about like Alexander Hamilton's statement that the British government was above all others and had a plan to appoint lifetime executive officials - a Monarchy. The reason most Anti-Federalists oppose to the Constitution is that the republic must remain in the states, it must be geographically small in order to meet the needs of the people. With such a large demographic, the interest of the people would be too diverse and should be kept divided for individual control. SUch large districs ...

buy custom Multinational Corporations essay

buy custom Multinational Corporations essay A multinational Corporation (MNC) is a business venture that offers goods and services in two or more countries. MNC has its management headquarter in a home country but spreads its operations in the other host countries. MNC largely influence economies of both the local and international countries across the world. So far MNC is the major factor towards building good international relations and globalization. As much as Multinational Corporations are focused to be constructive to the local societies and to achieve their objectives and potentials, they experience a number of challenges in their business operations. The commonest challege that faces the Multinational Corporations is lack of international legal framework to regulate and safeguard their activities and operations worldwide. Fully aware that trade related affairs are squarely subject to agreement between various stakeholders, countries and regions, MNCs are bound to operate at high levels of integration matchless of law in countries that are not signatories to the World Trade Organization. The reality that a business enterprise based in one country must obey the trade laws in the home country as well as those of their individual host countries results into a complexity of operations by the multinational corporations. In some host counties where there are inadequate laws and policies to regulate international trade, the MNCs should engage the local authorities in the subsequent enactment of trade laws, policies and regulations that are of mutual benefit to them both. The existence of these laws will protect global companies against unpredictable changes in foreign laws and policies that would pose a threat to their future growth and expansion. Secondly, MNCs should restrict their operations in countries that are signatories to the International trade agreements to ensure consistency and standardization of trade. Buy custom Multinational Corporations essay

Case Study in Systems and Operations Management - Otakowa Essay

Case Study in Systems and Operations Management - Otakowa - Essay Example III. Research and Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. Research proposal†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. Analysis of Existing Systems and Activities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. a. Organizational Arrangement scrutiny†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ b. Data Systems Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. c. Activities analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦. IV. Conclusion and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. V. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. I. Executive Summary According to the customer report of Atokowa Advantage Co. Ltd., there is a reported and documented noteworthy drop in corporate productivity over the past consecutive half decade. Along with this is the noteworthy decrement in market share and control from a globally prevailing spot of 35% to insignificant 16% within similar time fame under monitoring. The main aim of this report is to test the systems technology and the operational procedures of Atokowa Company Limited so as to assess its productivity to the general corporate aim of productivity and development. Particularly, it suggests means by which the organization could adopt in order to advance the value of administration and executive management. Additionally, the provision of probability within these marketplaces for its stationary business, the study also gave a novel market position within these markets for sorted out stationary. The markets simply required the basic stationary (Meyler, Fuller, Joyner & Dominey, A. 2008, p. 11). Nevertheless they also demonstrated a wish for more sorted out and expansion within these commodities. It is usually upon a similar wish that Carik enterprises was founded to handle specifically with stationary aimed for the learning institutions. Atokowa Company Limited was established originally two decades ago as Carik enterprises, a subordinate of an Australian corporation known as Dungles Ltd. The organization was originally formed to tap into a developing section off the parent’s organization’s gain dealings. The management of Dungles Ltd. had a mission of developing their business markets within the region and likely into other external markets like the United States, Eastern Europe States similar to Germany and Russia and China were going through a population explosion (Burstein & Holsapple, 2008, p. 369). The organization worked under the identity of Carik enterprises for more than 6 years until it was taken over in 1988 by another American-oriented stationary firm known as Cereomacx enterprises. The organization worked under the new Cereomax title for a year until the second annual overall limited name an Atokowa Company Limited. This is mainly because of the organization’s wish to tap developing and extremely profitable Asian Market (Blanchard, 2007, p. 77). The mission of the organization appears to have hit a thump and as such the company wishes for a convincing fix that will reverse the inclination context back onto the track of productivity and development (Hill, 2011, p. 34). The report scrutinizes the roles of hu man resource in staffing, inventory control, technology adoption and utilization and in novel commodity and novelty. In this regard, the report analysis utilizes

Unfair Competition from Countries without International Labour Laws Term Paper

Unfair Competition from Countries without International Labour Laws - Term Paper Example This research paper examines that there have been arguments for the imposition of free trade among all member countries taking part in international trade.   These have been increasingly believed to be of benefit, especially to the developing countries. To begin with, markets get liberalized from the interference of government. This is important because the government does not have a direct contribution to the prevailing prices in the economy due to actions such as subsidies or even tariffs. The involvement of government in the setting of prices may lead to market failure arising from forced priced that have been set without due regard to the natural forces of demand and supply, which work together to determine the prices of goods and services.  This research paper examines that there have been arguments for the imposition of free trade among all member countries taking part in international trade.   These have been increasingly believed to be of benefit, especially to the deve loping countries. To begin with, markets get liberalized from the interference of government. This is important because the government does not have a direct contribution to the prevailing prices in the economy due to actions such as subsidies or even tariffs. The involvement of government in the setting of prices may lead to market failure arising from forced priced that have been set without due regard to the natural forces of demand and supply, which work together to determine the prices of goods and services.

The increase in demand of complementary therapies health essay

The increase in demand of complementary therapies health essay The purposed purpose of this study is to explore nursing students perception on the use of non-pharmacological treatment for pain in the hospital setting. The study will also explore the types of complementary therapies used to alleviate pain at the main local government run, general hospital, assessing nursing students knowledge and perception on complementary and their use and to identify possible benefits and contraindications in the use of complementary therapies. The proposed quantitative research will be used as data collection through a self administered questionnaire. Table of Contents Page Title Page i Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 List of tables 5 1. Introduction 6 2. Background to the study 2.1 Definition of Complementary and Alternative therapies 7 2.2 Defining Acupuncture 9 2.3 Types of Acupuncture Techniques 9 2.4 Mechanisms of Action of Acupuncture 10 2.5 Clinical Applications and Efficacy 10 2.5 Research Issues 12 3. The Research Method 3.1 Aim and Objectives 13 3.2 The Research Design 13 3.3 The Population 13 3.4 Sampling Technique 14 3.5 Method of Data Collection 15 3.6 Research Tool 15 3.7 Data Analysis 15 4. Ethical Consideration 16 Reference List 17 Time Scale and Budget 18 List of tables Page Table 1: List of Complementary Therapies 8 Table 2: Contraindications to the use of acupuncture 11 Table 3: Adverse effects of acupuncture 12 Introduction Complementary Therapies have established a place in health care and have developed rapidly over the past ten years in terms of recognition, acceptance and use (Peters et al, 2002). Integrating complementary therapies with conventional medicine presents a challenge to all sectors of health care, but specifically to nurses who are at the forefront of providing patient care, health education and information (Chu and Wallis, 2007).The review of the proposed study identifies a number of these therapies but it explores only one in particular; analyzing its prevalence and use, and exploring its perceived efficacy and safety and nursing students attitudes towards it. Pertinent research and reviewing of articles for this review were sought from within the Faculty of Health Sciences and Medical School Library, using Cumulative Index of nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EBSCO host and Medline and the University of Dublin website. Dissertation abstracts, and books that were relevant to the subject were also examined. Keywords utilized for searches included complementary, therapies, alternative, attitudes, nursing students, acupuncture, pain management. Due to the increase in demand of complementary therapies, numerous articles have been written on the subject throughout the years, especially in the last decade. The amount of research available varies depending on the therapy in question. Very few local studies were encountered regarding complementary therapies, as a matter of fact, at the main local government run, general hospital, only one type of complementary therapy is acknowledged. Background to the study 2.1 Definition of Complementary and Alternative therapies Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) encompasses a wide range of therapeutic procedures and philosophies that are not traditionally viewed to be part of conventional medicine (Smith, G.D, 2009) The Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field within the Cochrane Library defines complementary therapies as a broad domain of healing resources that comprises all the healthcare systems and practices their accompanying theories and beliefs. The World Health Organization defined Complementary Alternative Modalities (CAM) as a comprehensive term used to refer to both traditional medical systems such as Traditional Chinese Medicine, Indian ayurveda and Arabic unami medicine and to various forms of native medicine (WHO, 2004) Thus, the words complementary and alternative can, and often do, refer to the same therapy, product, or practitioner. It is the context of use that changes an alternative therapy into a complementary one. The term describes health care practices such as those shown in Table 1. Table 1: List of Complementary Therapies (Alphabetical order) Acupressure (Shiatsu) Colonic hydrotherapy Iridology PIP Scans Acupuncture Colour therapy Juice Therapy Raw Vegetable Juice Therapy Alexander technique Counselling Kinesiology Reflexology Allergy testing Craniosacral Therapy Light therapy Reiki Aromatherapy Dream Therapy Light Touch therapy Rolfing Art therapy Eye Movement Desensitization    ReprocessingEMDR Magnotherapy Shiatsu (Acupressure) Auricular Acupuncture Exercise Marma therapy Spiritual counselling Australian Flower Essences therapy Guided Imagery Massage therapy Stress management Autogenics Healing Medical Herbalism Swimming therapy Ayurvedic medicine Health Clubs Meta-Aromatherapy Tai Chi Bach Flower remedies Health Screening Microwave Resonance therapy TENS therapy Bee Venom therapy Herbal medicine Music therapy T.C.M. Traditional Chinese Medicine Bowen Technique Homoeopathy Naturopathy Transcendental Meditation Biofeedback Humour Nutritional therapy Tragerwork Chelation Therapy Hydrotherapy Osteopathy Vegetable Juice Therapy Chiropractic Hypnotherapy Oxygen therapy Yoga Chinese Herbal Medicine (T.C.M.) Indian Head Massage Panchakarma therapy 2.2 Defining Acupuncture Acupuncture is a complementary therapy that is being increasingly used in the day-to-day management of pain. It originated in China, over 3000 years ago and is practiced worldwide (Wilkinson, J. Faleiro, R., 2007). Locally, in the main local government run, general hospital, Acupuncture is the only complementary therapy to be officially used in alleviating physical pain. Other therapies such as Exercise, Counseling, Music Therapy and others are used for various other reasons in combination with conventional medicine. Acupuncture involves the insertion of fine sterilized needles through the skin at specific point (called acupoints) and is one of the key components in traditional Chinese medicine (Chen, L., 2005). A major assumption is Traditional Chinese Medicine is that health is achieved by maintaining the body in a balanced state and that disease is as a result of an internal imbalance of yin and yang (Wilkinson, J. Faleiro, R., 2007). There are five main techniques practiced. Dry needling is probably the most common but electro acupuncture (EA) possesses the most promising research endorsement. 2.3 Types of Acupuncture Techniques Moxibustion Moxibustion involves the burning of mugwort, a small, spongy herb, to facilitate healing. It is applied onto the needle over the acupoints. Laser acupuncture A fine low-energy laser beam is directed onto the acupoint. Acupressure In Acupressure, pressure is used to stimulate the acupoints. This can be in the form of a bracelet or strap. Such method is commonly used to alleviate motion sickness. 2.4 Mechanisms of Action of Acupuncture Alan K. Halperin, M.D in his article Acupuncture in Pain Management writes that according to Chinese acupuncture theory, there are over 300 acupunture points on the body that connect to 12 principal and 8 secondary pathways called meridians. These pathways conduct energy force, Qi throughout the entire body. Health is maintained by the unobstructed flow of Qi that regulates the physical, mental and spiritual balance. In addition, the opposing forces of yin and yang regulate all organs. When the entire system is in balance, optimal health occurs. Disease occurs when there are obstructions to the flow of Qi, deficient or axcessive Qi, or when there is an imbalance of yin and yang. 2.5 Clinical Applications and Efficacy Research shows that Acupuncture can be used in virtually any medical condition, but most Americans use it for pain control (Halperin, 2005). Such pain controls are for osteoarthritis, headache, chronic neck and lower back pain. Studies conducted on the subject also revealed that the mentioned complementary therapy is often seen as a last resort for pain relief. This creates adverse selection bias, leaving acupuncture as an option only for those patients who fail to respond to all other methods and can create unrealistic expectations from patients (Wilkinson, J. Faleiro, R., 2007). There are also many pain conditions which have demonstrated improvement with acupuncture. These include: lateral epicondylitis, peripheral neuropathy, temporomandibular disorders, phantom limb pain, chronic pelvic pain, irritable bowel syndrome and Crohns Disease. Literature shows that although acupuncture has gained much professional recognition, its applications and over all efficacies remains a subject of debate (Chen, 2005). Even so, the risk of serious events associated with acupuncture treatments is quite low (Halperin, 2005). The National Institute of Health (NIH) consensus panel on acupuncture in the United States states that the documented occurrence of adverse events in the practice of acupuncture is extremely low. Nevertheless, Acupuncture is technically an invasive procedure with the most common reported complication being bruising or bleeding at the needle insertion site, followed by the transient vasovagal response. Other complications might include; infection, dermatitis, and broken needle fragments. In some cases contraindications and adverse effects listed in Table 2 and Table 3 might occur: Table 2: Contraindications to the use of acupuncture Absolute Contraindications Relative Contraindications Needle Phobia Pregnancy avoid any points known to stimulate uterine contractility Severe bleeding diathesis Points over nipples, umbilicus, and major vessels are forbidden by conventional texts Inability to remain still for treatment Point over infant fontanel Systemic Sepsis Application during menses (less effective) Unco-operative hallucinating, delusions, etc. If patient is on corticosteroids, benzodiazepines, or narcosis (less effective) Cellulitis Anticoagulant drugs Burns Ulceration EA do not apply over heart or brain. Do not apply in region of pacemaker or implanted medical pump. Table 3: Adverse effects of acupuncture Pneumothorax Local pain Cardiac tamponade Bruising Neurovascular damage Bleeding Infection Hematoma formation Metal allergy 2.6 Research Issues Little research was found with regards to nursing students perception on Complementary Therapies. Moreover on Acupuncture and its use in pain management. It is proposed that the this aspect should be explored more in detail by conducting a small-scale research study on the subject. Two separate studies were conducted addressing nursing students knowledge and attitudes on Complementary Therapies. One of which was a quantitative study conducted in Britain and it investigated the use of CAM in cancer and palliative care and another study was conducted in southern Taiwan exploring student nurses knowledge, attitude and behavior toward Chinese Medicine. More medical research than nursing research exists in complementary therapies, mainly in randomized-controlled trials. However, this field is still poorly researched compares with conventional medicine (Nahin Straus, 2001). The Research Method 3.1 Aim of the study The proposed aim of this study is to explore nursing students perception on the use of non-pharmacological treatment for pain in the hospital setting. 3.2 The Objectives of the study The proposed objectives of this study are to: Identify the types of complementary and alternative therapies used to alleviate pain at the local government run, general hospital (Mater Dei Hospital). Identify nursing students knowledge and perception on complementary and alternative therapies and their use. Identify possible benefits and contraindications in the use of complementary therapies. 3.3 The Research Design It is proposed that a quantitative research approach is used for the purpose of this study. This means in quantitative research your aim is to determine the relationship between one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. Quantitative research designs are either descriptive (subjects usually measured once) or experimental (subjects measured before and after a treatment). A descriptive study establishes only associations between variables (Hopkins, 2000). It is also proposed to use a descriptive approach; Descriptive research design is a scientific method which involves observing and describing the behavior of a subject without influencing it in any way. This is so as to explore nursing students own perceptions, views and knowledge on the subject. The research setting is the physical location and conditions in which data collection takes place in a study (Polit and Beck, 2006). It is proposed that for the purpose of this study, the leading government run hospital in Malta which hosts the Faculty of Health Sciences lecture rooms will be chosen as the research location for the completion of this study. 3.4 The Population and Sampling Technique According to Cormack (2000), Target Population refers to all of the people that the researcher wishes to include in his / her study. The proposed population of this study will be student nurses following an undergraduate course in Nursing Studies. The target population will be second year Diploma and Degree in Nursing Studies students within the Faculty of Health Sciences. Sampling is the portion of the defined population who are selected by the researcher to participate in the study in order to collect data. The researcher strives to get data from the sample which will reflect all the characteristics of that population (Cormack, 2000). The participants have to fulfill all of the inclusion criteria, where candidates are proposed to be: Full time student nurses following an undergraduate course at the Faculty of Health Sciences 20 years of age and older Second year student Be willing to participate in the study The exclusion criteria will be candidates who: Students who refuse to participate in the study Younger than 20 years of age 3.5 Method of Data Collection Data collection in quantitative studies may be achieved by various methods such as questionnaires, interviews and observations (Polit and Beck, 2006). A questionnaire may be considered as the most appropriate tool for data collection, since it offers the possibility of complete anonymity. A questionnaire helps to avoid bias which can happen in the presence of the interviewer, by reflecting the participants reaction to the interviewer (Polit and Beck, 2006). As the method of choice for data collection is not yet ready, it is proposed that a self-administered with close and open ended questions questionnaire be utilized; requiring a yes or no answer or completion of a question. 3.6 Research Tool The research tool for this study is yet to be provided. It will be developed by the novice researcher and based on the aim and objectives of the study. 3.7 Data Analysis Results of the findings will be presented either in the form of graphs or pie charts. Ethical Considerations Consent to carry out the research will be sought and obtained from the University of Malta Research Ethics Committee and the Faculty of Health Sciences Dissertation Panel. In order to ensure that participants of the study would not be subject to any harm, anonymity will be held throughout the study. In order to maintain privacy, for those participant who dont wish to complete the questionnaire in the presence of piers; a self addressed enveloped will be give incurring any expenses from the participant. Participants may also abstain from taking part in the study. A participation letter will be handed, explaining the nature of the study to the participants. Since the researcher might know any participant, a blank envelope will be handed.