Factors That Affect The Treatment Of Tina Depression

The purpose of this paper is to examine important misconceptions of psychopathology which could impact the treatment of Tina depression. Discuss her symptoms of depression, intake interview, and why the counselor’s own perception of psychopathology is extremely important in the diagnostic process (GCU, 2015). Make sure her family member knows about medications, treatments, referrals, and any other special instructions (Wolters, 1999). MISCONCEPTIONS OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY We had a subject named Tina a 17-year-old Navajo female that is brought into a therapist’s office for signs of depression; her family has included that she is more quiet than normal she is frequently observed crying and chatting to herself. GCU (2015),†¦show more content†¦ANALYZING ONE’S OWN BELIEFS 2 Negative symptoms may cause Tina to neglect herself physically it is likely that the inactivity that marks this symptom cluster contributes to the poor physical health and decreased her life expectancy. Evidence for optimal treatments is scarce. The significant developments in pharmacological and psychosocial treatments for positive symptoms achieved in the past decade have not yet been matched by progress in negative symptom treatment (Buchanan 2007), there are indications that researchers are focusing him or her attention on treatments for the negative symptom cluster (Hilary, el al, 2013). DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS The clinical picture for depression can be complicated because of the subjectivity that is possible in reporting depressive symptoms. Reported symptoms are clear and depressed mood is the only sign note, the diagnosis of a depressive disorder seems most appropriate (Dziegielewski, 2014). Careful attention should be given to properly assess any recurrent thoughts of suicide. One rule to remember is that Tina is more likely to harm herself not in the throes of a depressive episode but rather when the feelings of depressive episode begin to lift. The return to energy gives the client the initiative to act on thoughts and feelings expressed. There is suicidal ideation, watching for the return to energy be

The Role of Fate in Romeo and Juliet - 2091 Words

Most of Shakespeares plays are conceived around a foundation in either tragedy or comedy, this polarity of themes allowing him to experiment with the full range of human emotions. Typically, an integral part of a Shakespearean tragedy is love, which is frustrated by a breakdown in order, or the character of the hero, due to some human limitation. The play Romeo and Juliet has all these typical characteristics. However, the resultant conclusion of events for the characters in this tragedy is adversely affected by the hands of fate, and not solely the product of human limitations. Fate in fact has a decisive role in the events of the play; it is a series of rapid coincidental events, which lead to the final tragedy. Romeo and Juliet are†¦show more content†¦Participants in the action, some of them in parts that are minor and seem insignificant, contribute one by one the indispensable stitches which make the pattern, and contribute them not knowing; that is to say, they act when they do not know the truth of the situation in which they act, this truth being known, however, to us who are spectators. (The Brevity of Friar Laurence, 850) The idea that Fortune dictates the course of mankind dates back to ancient times. Those writers of the medieval world incorporated the goddess Fortune into Christianity and made her Gods servant, responsible for adding challenges to our lives so that we would see the importance of giving up our tumultuous earthly lives to God. The most influential treatise on the theme of Fate was The Consolation of Philosophy, written by the scholar Boethius (A.D. 475-525). Written while he awaited execution, it is a dialogue between himself and his guide Philosophy, who e xplores with him the true nature of happiness and fate, and leads him to hope and enlightenment. Here is an excerpt from Book IV: |To human acts alone denied | |Thy fit control as Lord of all. | |Why else doesShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Fate in Romeo and Juliet2082 Words   |  9 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet has all these typical characteristics. However, the resultant conclusion of events for the characters in this tragedy is adversely affected by the hands of fate, and not solely the product of human limitations. Fate in fact has a decisive role in the events of the play; it is a series of rapid coincidental events, which lead to the final tragedy. Romeo and Juliet are described during the prologue as a pair of star-crossed loversà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The play Romeo and Juliet was oneRead MoreThe Role of Fate in Romeo and Juliet Essay507 Words   |  3 PagesIn the book Romeo Juliet by William Shakespeare, fate plays a large role in moving the plot along. It does this by bringing people together. Fate also plays a role in a couple people’s deaths, including the main characters, Romeo and Juliet. The bringing of people together by fate played a huge role in moving along Romeo and Juliet’s plot. A great example of this is how Romeo’s â€Å"true love† Rosaline has vowed to remain chaste her whole life. This makes Romeo more open to dating someone else.Read MoreRole of Fate in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare623 Words   |  2 PagesRole of Fate in Romeo and Juliet â€Å"Who would think that fate and destiny would play a big role in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet? Fate is the belief that an individuals life is being decided for them and there is nothing they can do to change it. Based on Dictionary.com definition, fate is something that unavoidably befalls a person. However, in this play, Romeo and Juliet, fate is a reality. It seems like a constant happening and is always creating trouble especially between the Capulets andRead MoreEssay about Fates Role in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet604 Words   |  3 Pages Fate’s Role in â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† In William Shakespeare’s play, â€Å"The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet†, fate plays one of the largest roles in the plot. In order to understand how fate plays a role it is important to examine how the story begins, when Romeo meets Juliet, and when Romeo fights Tybalt after Tybalt kills Mercutio. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One reason why fate plays a big role is that the play begins by hinting that Romeo and Juliet will be affected by fate. The chorus begins the playRead More The Role of Fate in William Shakespeares The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet2378 Words   |  10 PagesThe Role of Fate in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet, the first romantic tragedy was based on a poem translated from the French Novella (1595). Romeo Montague, who is in love with Rosaline, goes to a party in an attempt to take his mind off her. At this party he meets Juliet Capulet and immediately falls in love with her. Later he finds out that she is a Capulet, the rival family of the Montagues. He decides that he loves her in spite ofRead MoreSome May Argue That It Is Not In The Stars To Hold Our1182 Words   |  5 Pagesconnection with fate and destiny. furthermore, The plot of Romeo and Juliet and midsummer night dream was both leads by the idea of fate. Because The characters in both plays display signs of destiny being a factor in how things turned out either bad or good at the end of each play.The belief of fate destiny played a big role in both plays because the era the plays were written in belief fortune was common, the genre of drama it meant to determine the fate of the ending, and fate help guides Romeo JulietRead MoreThe Role of Fate in Shakespeares Romeo and Juiliet807 Words   |  3 PagesFate. Who would have guessed that this four letter, one-syllable word would play such a big role in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet? Many people believed that it was free choices that led to the tragic ending of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, but it was really fate. When looking up fate using dictionary.com, it says that fate’s something that unavoidably befalls a person; fortune, but in Romeo and Juliet, fate is reality. Perhaps the biggest and most overlooked example of fate was in the PrologueRead MoreAre Humans Consciously Making All Of Their Own Decisions,1312 Words   |  6 Pageshumans consciously making all of their own decisions, or is there a deciding factor? In the play Romeo and Juliet, written by William Shakespeare, there are two feuding families, the Montagues, and the Capulets. The children of the two families fall in love and the play is the based on their story. Tragic events happen throughout the play based on the previous actions. In the play Romeo and Juliet, fate is the cause of all the tragic events as seen through the attitude of the characters, the fightRead MoreRomeo and Juliet Fate Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pages‘Shakespeare intends the audience to see that the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet was destined to happenâ €™ In the play, Romeo and Juliet written by William Shakespeare, is about two â€Å"star crossed† lovers who are destined to end in a tragic accident. Fate is the path that leads to the future and cannot be altered no matter the outcome. Set in Shakespearean time, fate was believed to be in control of people’s lives. The fact that Romeo and Juliet would never live a peaceful life, none of the tragedies wouldRead MoreThe Demise Of Romeo And Juliet993 Words   |  4 PagesThe demise of Romeo and Juliet began when fate brought the two love struck children together. At the beginning of the play, William Shakespeare writes a line showing the readers and audiences how Romeo and Juliet’s demise was by fate. In the prologue, while giving a background about the play he states, â€Å"From forth the fatal loins of these two foes/ A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life† (Shakespeare Prologue.5-6). Shakespeare is saying that Romeo and Juliet are born in two separa te families

Relationship Between Leadership and Achievement Career

Question: Discuss about the Relationship Between Leadership and Achievement Career. Answer: Introduction There is no doubt that the workers of today have to continuously try to manage change that exists both in the environment and also in them. Workers have to do this due to the recent rapid quick changes that are now being witnessed in technology, organizations and also the society as a whole(Bateman Crant, 1993). According to many experts, these rapid changes that are being felt almost everywhere in the world like the personality traits especially those that are thought to reflect some willingness that make individuals to change is actually what is driving both the competitive advantage for different organizations and also the success of people in different workplaces(Beaman, Duflo, Pande, Topalova, 2012). It is widely believed that personality is what actually influences the work life success of many people today. Various reasons have been given to argue out such thinking. Particularly two reasons have been given to justify the statement which is; Careers are thought to be the outcome of developmental propensities that amass overtime. The working life is usually full of fragile circumstances where personality usually comes in handy especially for playing an overriding role in comportment selection. Many contemporary career ideas are normally individual instead of institution or organization driven. Because of this reason, it makes the individual qualities to be linked to the self-direction factors in the success of any person in his or her career. It is important to note that up to now, there has not been publication or literature review concerning the personality traits of people(Brown Donnell, 2011). Most of the literature review on the personality traits does not actually fit a profile that can make an individual to succeed in the ever changing society of the proactive personality. There has been an evolution regarding of how the careers of women are measured today around the world. The women have now started selecting careers that were traditionally thought to be a reserve for men like engineering and management. Many countries around the world have been increasingly joining the labor force(Brown, Peus, Weisweiler, Frey, 2013). The women have now stepped into different leadership roles proving to many that they can also succeed where men have been. Initially, most careers that women chose were dichotomously studied by various scholars around the world. They were studied as either having a career or homemaking orientation. The trend has now changed on how the women choose their career. The career choices of women are now studied by examining them in terms of family orientation versus degree of career, nontraditional versus traditional, nonprestigious versus prestigious and also in terms of occupational selection(Creed, Buys, Tilbury, Crawford, 2013). Career a spirations can be defined as a persons career related choices or goals. Aspirations are very important when it comes to the process of career selection. Our aspirations play a major role in determining the training and educational decisions that we make in life. Aspirations are very strongly linked to the future achievements and occupational selection of an individual(Fuller Marler, 2009). Most of the time the career goals that we put in place are the ones that drive our striving behavior and the processes of our motivation. Our career goals help us to achieve many things in our life. There are multiple levels that are usually considered in our career aspirations. Career goals help people to reflect on a particular work area for instance; an individual may have an aspiration to work in the healthcare sector or to be even more specific an individual may desire to work specifically as a medical practitioner. Career aspirations can also be considered along other dimensional multiples like; traditionality, lifestyle, the level of prestige, and finally the needed training(Brown, Peus, Weisweiler, Frey, 2013). Career aspirations can also be taken as leadership aspirations due to their ability to reflect on the level of responsibility and authority that is most of the time desired in any career. When we take a look at the career aspirations from a goal positioning perception, we notice that many people experience, behave, and interpret differently when it comes to achievement conditions. It depends on whether people adopt performance-prove learning or avoid-orientation. According to research, people endowed with a higher learning orientation will most probably want to set very challenging and difficult goals that they want to achieve(Gray Brien, 2007). Such individuals do this because they believe that it is the best way of how they can properly develop their capital and competencies. People with a higher learning orientation look at their capability as a character that is flexible to them which enables them to have a higher learning orientation. These capabilities can best be developed and fostered by setting difficult challenges. Most of the people that have a higher learning orientation accept as true that results are dependent on the amount of effort that one puts in what he or she does. Many of these individuals usually occupy themselves with matters like goal striving and planning(Jones, Paretti, Hein, Knott, 2010). By involving themselves with such activities, these individuals increase their chances of achieving their set goals. Most of these individuals usually look at obstacles, poor performance, and setbacks as an opportunity to develop even more because they believe that they are more flexible to overcome all the challenges that are mentioned above(Jogulu, 2010). They interpret these challenges as a feedback to the efforts being applied in trying to achieve their set goals. Personality Many experts around the world describe personality as self-regulatory strategies and dispositions that are directly categorized under the support of the social-cognitive approach. Various experts have tried to explain the existence of the unique patterns of personal behaviors and thoughts(Jones, Paretti, Hein, Knott, 2010). The experts have managed to do this by carrying out wider multiplicity of individual research. The experts have based their wide research on both the social-cognitive and dispositional traits of people. The big five-factor models of personality have now become the most popular personality concept. The five-factor models of the personality concepts encompass; the dimensions of openness to experience, agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and emotional stability(Vandewalle, 1997). However, among the above mentioned personality traits, only two of them have been linked to the motivation to learn. The two traits include; neuroticism and conscientiousness. Research has proved that neuroticism is usually negatively associated to an individuals motivation to learn while on the other hand conscientiousness is positively associated to an individuals motivation. Research has proved to us that individuals who are proactive have the ability to directly affect their situations, create change, and influence the environment that they live in. Most proactive individuals usually direct much of their efforts towards gaining some performance outcome(Jones, Paretti, Hein, Knott, 2010). Scholars have been working tirelessly in trying to figure out some particular behaviors that different people use especially when it comes to increasing their performance. For about twenty years now, the scholars are still yet to figure out the behaviors. A good demonstration of the character traits of the proactive individuals is how they approach their careers and jobs differently from the other individuals who are not proactive. Most of the proactive individuals always have a tendency to take full control of their careers and jobs. According to research, there is always a greater probability of proactive individuals to involve themselves in different career management matters like; finding organizational information, obtaining career support and sponsorship, job seeking, persisting in the face of challenging careers and at the same time trying to conduct a career planning(Joo Park, 2010). Many proactive individuals will probably choose to pursue and identify any opportunities that come their way. They use such opportunities for self-improvement of their careers. Such opportunities are used by these individuals to further improve their skills and also acquire more education that they require to have to help them in future(Rodd, 2012). Proactive individuals perform better when it comes to looking for the latest information hence enabling them to identify very many opportunities to enhance their skills and education. They do not wait for opportunities and information to find them instead they go out of their way to make sure that they have the information that they need. According to prior research, it has been strongly proven that any learning goal orientation always results into some positive benefits both in the workplace and classrooms. Learning goal orientation helps many individuals to improve their performance whether in the classroom or even at work(Kouzes Posner, 2011). Teams can also apply the learning goal orientation to gain maximum achievements. Most of the positive work-associated results have always been linked to proactive personalities. Proactive personality is usually described as the probability of an individual undertaking a personal sacrifice to get a certain job done well. The main objective of the proactive personality is to capture a developmental tendency that aims at changing or enacting an individuals environment(Rigoti, Schyns, Mohr, 2008). There are many ways of how individuals influence the very environments that they live in. Some of these ways include; Cognitive restructuring: it is a process where individuals appraise, perceive, and construe their environment. Evocation; this is a process where reactions are evoked unintentionally from other people hence altering the environment. Selection; it is a process which occurs as a consequence of people choosing certain situations that they want to participate in. Manipulation; it is a process that consists of an individuals efforts that aim to alter, change, shape, or exploit his or her interpersonal environment. Conclusion It is important to know that the process of proactive can also occur at other levels like organizations and groups. Organizations should encourage proactiveness to have the best team that is capable of scaling the success in the various departments that exist in the organization. By embracing and encouraging a proactive team, organizations will be able to effectively manage all the important interface units that exist in the organization. Effective teams in organizations should always try to engage in activities that aim to proactively influence the outside teams with which they are interdependent. Organizations should come up with prospectors that will enable them to emphasize change, innovation, and also search the environment for new opportunities. It is important for businesses, individual marketers to come up with great strategies that aim at managing the environment in a proactive manner. References Brown, S ODonnell, E 2011, Proactive personality and goal orientation: a model of directed effort, Journal of Organisational Culture, Communication and Conflict, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 103-119. Creed, P, Buys, N, Tilbury, C Crawford, M 2013, The relationship between goal orientation and career striving in young adolescents, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 1480-1490. Fuller, B Marler, LE 2009, Change driven by nature: a meta-analytic review of the proactive personality literature, Journal of Vocational Behavior, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 329-345. Bateman, S Crant, JM 1993, The proactive component of organizational behaviour: a measure and correlates, Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 103-118. Gray, MP OBrien, KM 2007, Advancing the assessment of womens career choices: the Career Aspiration Scale, Journal of Career Assessment, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 317-337. Rigotti, T, Schyns, B Mohr, G 2008, A short version of the Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale: structural and construct validity across five countries, Journal of Career Assessment, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 238-255. Vandewalle, D 1997, Development and validation of a work domain goal orientation instrument, Educational and Psychological Measurement, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 995-1015. Beaman, L., Duflo, E., Pande, R. and Topalova, P., 2012. Female leadership raises aspirations and educational attainment for girls: A policy experiment in India.science,335(6068), pp.582-586. Jones, B.D., Paretti, M.C., Hein, S.F. and Knott, T.W., 2010. An analysis of motivation constructs with first?year engineering students: Relationships among expectancies, values, achievement, and career plans.Journal of Engineering Education,99(4), pp.319-336. Kouzes, J.M. and Posner, B.Z., 2011.Credibility: How leaders gain and lose it, why people demand it(Vol. 244). John Wiley Sons. Jogulu, U.D., 2010. Culturally-linked leadership styles.Leadership Organization Development Journal,31(8), pp.705-719. Rodd, J., 2012.Leadership in early childhood. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S. and Frey, D., 2013. Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), pp.270-283. Joo, B.K. and Park, S., 2010. Career satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention: The effects of goal orientation, organizational learning culture and developmental feedback.Leadership Organization Development Journal,31(6), pp.482-500. Relationship Between Leadership and Achievement Career Question: Discuss about the Examine the Relationship Between Leadership and Achievement Career Aspirations. Answer: Introduction The significance of inspiring individuals to long for leadership, achievement as well as advanced education should never be overlooked in the culture that has never usually backed females in powerful roles. The young men and women will be likely to build their respective ships to reach beyond the expectation of the traditional society as well as make salient contribution to the society (Brown and O'Donnell 2011). The main purpose of the research is to examine the relationship between leadership and achievement career aspirations. It is hypothesized that there is a positive relationship between the above variables. Hypotheses There is a positive relationship between leadership and career achievement aspirations Men have a higher career aspirations than women Both men and women have career aspirations to allow them become leaders Methods Participants The available data for the Research Report came from 230 participants who were students studying Organisational Behaviour from the Parramatta campus of the Western Sydney University. There were 125 males (54.3%) and 105 females (45.7%). The data was collected during the tutorial session in week 3 of the semester. Materials The available data for the Research Report came from 230 participants who were students studying Organisational Behaviour from the Parramatta campus of the Western Sydney University. There were 125 males (54.3%) and 105 females (45.7%). The data was collected during the tutorial session in week 3 of the semester. To give the indication of where the scores stand, the total was divided by the number of items in each scale. Therefore, the means represent where they would fit in the Likert scale used. For example, the scale to measure Proactive Personality had a 7-point Likert scale. Therefore, the means of 4.57-4.65 indicates that both males and females scored slightly above the mid-point of 4. Procedure Students completed a number of questionnaires and information about these questionnaires can be found in the Mandatory Scales (readings) in your learning guide. The results collected from the students were measured using a quantitative data analysis software program (SPSS). Two tables were created from the data collected. These tables are a Mean and Standard Deviation Table and a Correlations table. The mean age of the participants was 21.08 (DS=3.61). Result The results for the study have been shown in the two tables below. Table 1 shows the means and standard deviations (an indication of how far the scores deviated from the mean/average) for male and female participants. Table 2 gives you the correlations between the variables. There were no significant differences between males and females on some of the measures. The statistics that were used here were t-tests. Variable Male Female Mean SD Mean SD Sign. Career Aspiration 2.97 .67 2.90 .75 ns Proactive Personality 4.57 1.00 4.65 .87 ns Occupational Self-Efficacy 4.61 .68 4.55 1.00 ns Learning Goal 4.39 .79 4.27 .79 ns Performance Goal 4.22 1.16 4.20 1.06 ns Avoidance Goal 2.94 1.11 3.13 1.13 ns Table 1. Means, Standard Deviation of Subscales Measure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Age 1.00 2 Career Aspiration -.03 1.00 3 Proactive Personality .10 .46*** 1.00 4 Occupational Self-Efficacy .08 .32*** .37*** 1.00 5 Learning Goal Orientation .18** .26*** .34*** .42*** 1.00 6 Performance Goal Orientation -.13 .17** .05 .05 .14* 1.00 7 Avoidance Goal Orientation -.15* -.13 -.19** -.28*** -.34*** .25*** 1.00 Table 2. Correlations among Subscales of the K-CASR and Achievement Motivation, Career Orientation, and Goal Engagement Discussion The hypotheses for the study were supported. The outcome of the study suggest that this measure consists of the elements of assessing achievement, leadership as well as education aspirations (Watts et al. 2015). Both internal consistency alongside test-retest reliability estimates backed the reliability of the measure as well as relationships as per the hypothesized direction with career-associated variables backed the convergent validity of the instrument when utilized with these young men and women (Bulmer 2013). The study given significant contribution to the literature through the provision of a model that can be used in translating the measure to additional cultures. Despite being extremely intensive procedure, it resulted in the psychometrically solid measure which can be utilized with a lot confidence with Australian graduate men and women. The study further adds to the available literature through the replications of 3-factor solutions discovered in sample of the American graduate as well as undergraduate. The career aspirations were better represented as a 3-dimensional construct compared to a single construct in both American and Australian culture. Such a factorial invariance could serve as support for the Australian men and women interpreting the construct in an alike fashion. Nevertheless, subject an approach effect linked to negatively worded items arose in the sample. The subjects seemed to respond differently to the above items with an exception of underlying constructs when contrasted to respondents. The method effects linked to negatively worded variables have been discovered in the self-report survey in the psychology. Given that most of the negatively worded variables in the measure had limited ranges, the university males and female students in Sydney could have dodged recommending explicit non-positive pronouncement relating to their aspirations (Rigotti, Schyn and Mohr 2008). This revelation remained consistent with the study on the Korean version of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale whereby the function of negatively as well as positively worded translated variables need to be investigated in the forthcoming studies. The convergent validity of the measure was backed by the comparatively firm correlations among the subscales as well as achievement motivation, career orientations as well as career goal engagement. Men and women with high aspirations remained more probably to have motivation to master a given task as well as outperform their respective colleagues. This remained consistent with the initial studies indicating that men and women with high career aspirations showed a high confidence in their respective academic tasks. With respect to career orientations, the university students with high career aspirations tended to give much priority to their careers over the family. Further, men and women with high career aspirations remained probably to engage in activities that enable them pursue their respective careers as well as to have positive perceptions relating to their ability to accomplish their respective goals. The explorations of the variables that enhance the success of men and women in Sydney in their careers could advance study in vocational psychology, provided that initial studies relating to men and women career development profoundly emphasized on blockades as well as challenges in their respective career choices. The university students in this study exhibited moderate aspirations in leadership, achievement as well as education, despite the varied university majors, geographical locations in Australia, as well as varsity rankings. Provided the several cultural blockades for the females career accomplishment in Australia, it stood distinguished that several young women aspired to achieve in their respective careers. It would become stimulating to track trend of womens career aspirations over their respective life phases to comprehend the drop in employment among the Australian women once they have a family. Provided the paucity of the women leaders in Australian society, forthcoming study should emphasize on how the young females develop leadership aspirations as well as how such aspirations could be encouraged (Gregor and OBrien 2016). Various limitations have been distinguished in the study. Theories on contemporary career outline the significance of sociocultural variables in career development of the women (Hoobler, Lemmon. and Wayne 2014). The sample used in this current study entailed university women registered in the past with moderate career aspirations. Thus, generalizations of these findings is impossible to other Australian women and men such as those married, with kids, in diverse age-cohorts, or with restricted privileged backgrounds. As a result of a great proportion of the sample majored in traditional fields for females, the generalizing these findings to the university women in non-traditional sectors like science and engineering (Fuller and Marler 2009). Females in non-traditional sectors could have additional challenges in respective career development such as lack of role models; upcoming study is essential to examine underlying variables structure as well as validity of evidence of the measure with diverse cohorts of Australian men and women along with university females in non-traditional sectors (VandeWalle 1997). K-CASR can be utilized in the future to develop a detailed model to explicate the career development of Australian women and men. Especially, longitudinal research is essential to examine how the men and womens career aspirations alter over time as well as correlated with diverse career outcomes like promotion, wages, termination, and job satisfaction (Huffman et al. 2014). This kind of a study is necessary to understand how career aspirations impact the career choices which men and women make when faced with conflict between family and work (Creed et al. 2013). A married employed mommy for example, who has high career aspirations could wish to continue with her work rather than compromising her goals for becoming a future leader in her expertise (Gray and O'Brien 2007). Conversely, where a curvilinear correlation exists between career aspiration and positive career outcomes, females with extraordinary high career aspirations could be extremely depressed when respective career aspirations cannot completely accomplished because of career barricades or family responsibility (Brown and Segrist 2016). Conclusion The result of the study confirms that career counsellors have the best opportunity to enhance the young men and womens career explorations via psychoeducational interventions as well as counselling (Bateman and Crant 1993). Career counsellors particularly can assess the career aspirations of the academically talented and gifted young men and women as well as explore the perceived external as well as internal barriers to accomplish leadership and recognition. The three dimensions of the career aspirations could be utilized in developing short term as well as long term plans to allow clients to accomplish their respective goals. Nevertheless, utilizing these results in career counselling need to be empirically evaluated for the assessment of the efficacy of such clinical interventions (Bacha 2014). References Bacha, E., 2014. The relationship between transformational leadership, task performance and job characteristics. Journal of Management Development, 33(4), pp.410-420. Bateman, T.S. and Crant, J.M., 1993. The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of organizational behavior, 14(2), pp.103-118. Brown, D.L. and Segrist, D., 2016. African American career aspirations: Examining the relative influence of internalized racism. Journal of Career Development, 43(2), pp.177-189. Brown, S. and O'Donnell, E., 2011. Proactive personality and goal orientation: A model of directed effort. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communication and Conflict, 15(1), p.103. Bulmer, J., 2013. Leadership aspirations of registered nurses: who wants to follow us?. Journal of Nursing Administration, 43(3), pp.130-134. Creed, P., Buys, N., Tilbury, C. and Crawford, M., 2013. The relationship between goal orientation and career striving in young adolescents. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(7), pp.1480-1490. Fuller, B. and Marler, L.E., 2009. Change driven by nature: A meta-analytic review of the proactive personality literature. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(3), pp.329-345. Gray, M.P. and O'Brien, K.M., 2007. Advancing the assessment of women's career choices: The Career Aspiration Scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 15(3), pp.317-337. Gregor, M.A. and OBrien, K.M., 2016. Understanding career aspirations among young women: Improving instrumentation. Journal of Career Assessment, 24(3), pp.559-572. Hoobler, J.M., Lemmon, G. and Wayne, S.J., 2014. Womens managerial aspirations an organizational development perspective. Journal of Management, 40(3), pp.703-730. Huffman, J.B., Hipp, K.A., Pankake, A.M. and Moller, G., 2014. Professional learning communities: Leadership, purposeful decision making, and job-embedded staff development. Jsl Vol 11-N5, 11, p.448. Rigotti, T., Schyns, B. and Mohr, G., 2008. A short version of the occupational self-efficacy scale: Structural and construct validity across five countries. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(2), pp.238-255. VandeWalle, D., 1997. Development and validation of a work domain goal orientation instrument. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 57(6), pp.995-1015. Watts, L.L., Frame, M.C., Moffett, R.G., Van Hein, J.L. and Hein, M., 2015. The relationship between gender, perceived career barriers, and occupational aspirations. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 45(1), pp.10-22.

Volpone A monologue from the play by Ben Jonson Essay Example For Students

Volpone A monologue from the play by Ben Jonson Essay A monologue from the play by Ben Jonson NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Volpone (1605). VOLPONE: Why droops my Celia? Thou hast, in place of a base husband, found A worthy lover; use thy fortune well, With secrecy and pleasure. See, behold What thou art queen of, not in expectation As I feed othersbut possessed and crowned. See, here, a rope of pearl, and each more orient Than that the brave Egyptian queen caroused Dissolve and drink em. See, a carbuncle, May put out both the eyes of our Saint Mark; A diamond would have bought Lollia Paulina, When she came in like starlight, hid with jewels That were the spoils of provincestake these And wear, and lose em; yet remains an earring To purchase them again, and this whole state. A gem but worth a private patrimony, Is nothing; we will eat such at a meal. The heads of parrots, tongue of nightingales, The brains of peacocks, and of estriches, Shall be our food; and, could we get the phoenix, Though nature lost her kind, she were our dish. If thou hast wisdom, hear me, Celia. Thy baths shall be the juice of gillyflowers, Spirit of roses, and of violets, The milk of unicorns, and panthers breath Gathered in bags, and mixed with Cretan wines. Our drink shall be prepared gold and amber, Which we will take until my roof whirl round With the vertigo; and my dwarf shall dance, My eunuch sing, my fool make up the antic. Whilst we, in changed shapes, act Ovids tales, Thou like Europa now, and I like Jove, Then I like Mars, and thou like Erycine; So of the rest, till we have quite run through, And wearied all the fables of the gods. Then will I have thee in more modern forms, Attired like some sprightly dame of France, Brave Tuscan lady, or proud Spanish beauty; Sometimes unto the Persian Sophys wife, Or the Grand Signiors mistress; and for change, To one of our most artful courtesans, Or some quick Negro, or cold Russian. And I will meet thee in as many shapes; Where we may so transfuse our wandring souls Out at our lips, and score up sums of pleasures, That the curious shall not know How to tell them as they flow; And the envious, when they find What their number is, be pined. We will write a custom essay on Volpone A monologue from the play by Ben Jonson specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Poland essays

Poland essays In this centrury it seems that Poland has come in a full circle. It started out as an average European country and eneded up as the same: a country with a healthy acconomy, stable social structure, and viable government. The most interesting part of history is not the parts that are described like that. It is the same with Poland: the most interesting historical events have thrown the country into turmoil, even into war. They have, as a country, had to recognize such problems as racism and unfair prejudice based upon faith and ethnicity. They have also had to overcome being conquered, several changes in government, and political upheaval. In the process, the people have had to change their ideological practices, if not change their beliefs. Sometimes they embraced ideas and systems thankfully and gladly. Other times they had to be forced. Such times as those could be tragic or celebratory and, on ocassion, they were both. Historically, Poland has been an area of conflict because of its flat terrain and the lack it has of natural borders on the northern European border. Indeed, the history of Poland is one of the most engrassing national histories this century. The people reflect this in their collective identity. They have recovered from genocide and war to become a very cohesive group of people, both politaically and ethnically. We should applaud them for their terrific efforts to recover and remain a strong nation. My report is about Poland, the country today. I will write about their economic successes and weaknesses and their strengths in many other areas as well. Personally, I am very proud of their effort and I think of this report as a tribute to the Polish people perseverence. Poland is a nation of many faces, with mostly Polish people, there are also a very few German, Ukranian, and Byelorussian in residence. 95 percent of the people (and about  ¾ of those people are practicing) are Roman Catholic. Small minorities of Ea...

nashville essays

nashville essays Until the late 1770s Middle Tennessee was largely unexplored, until a contingent of men and livestock made the difficult trek from Hillsborough, N.C. They traveled during the coldest winter of the century in total isolation in the undeveloped territory. They arrived on Christmas day 1779, and were met six months later by women and children. A fledgling community had been created. Expansion happened almost immediately for this small farming community. At the same time the Colonies had fought for and won their independence from England, and the new settlement quickly began to establish a government and claim individual property rights. Nashville was founded by James Robertson and named after Francis Nash, who was the clerk of the county at Hillsborough, N.C. Later, as the center of the cotton trade Nashville flourished. It also served as a key river port and later as a center for railroads. Today Nashville is known by many names such as Music City, U.S.A., Country Music Capital of the World, Home of the Nashville Sound, Home of the Grand Old Opry, and the Athens of the South. Nationally Nashville ranks amongst the top with New York and Los Angeles as the center of the recording industry. This brings in many vital tourists who boost the citys economy. Nashville is home to dozens of recording studios, music publishers, record companies, and agents, as well as hundreds of talented musicians seeking to capture their attention. Opry Land U.S.A. is the mainstay of Nashvilles entertainment scene. It is a huge complex that regularly features big name music acts, and has been the home of the Grand Ole Opry since 1974. The Grand Ole Opry is considered by some to be the most influential and inspirational program in the history of American music. It began in 1925, and has provided the nation with 75 years of broadcasting. The program has nationwide reach and has sparked the sale of millions of re...

Emerging Trends in Health Care Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emerging Trends in Health Care - Term Paper Example As elucidated by Sena, adoption of technology in healthcare is one of the emerging trends affecting health care. Just like in any other industry, the use of technology is imperative in healthcare as healthcare organizations strive to align their services with their objectives of providing quality services to their clients. In essence, the use of technology has made the job of doctors and nurses easier and patients are able to access healthcare services more rapidly. A good example of how technology is used today in healthcare is electronic health records which improves efficiency of services. Doctors and physicians are therefore able to access patients' medical information in their computers by just a click. Secondly, according to Sena, individuals seeking treatment today are more involved in the provision of care. This can be attributed to the fact that the modern man is more sophisticated in terms of education. Therefore, people today tend to evaluate all available healthcare avenues in order to make an informed decision on the institution offering the best services. This has also been contributed by the fact that people are able to access information particularly through the internet. Consequently, people in the contemporary world can identify differences in terms of services, costs, as well as quality of services in different institutions as relevant information is available on the internet. The third emerging trend is closely linked to the current high spending in healthcare that has pushed up health insurance premiums.

Aristotles View of Friendship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aristotles View of Friendship - Essay Example A rich man would need friends to bestow some of his riches on them. According to Aristotle, it is friends who would safeguard his riches. And for the poor man, or the man in trouble, it is only friends who are his refuge. Friendship helps the elderly because friends help them when they are weak and in need. Similarly, young people also benefit by friendship as friends advise them and keep them from following wrong ways. Talking about justice and friendship, Aristotle says that there is no need of justice between friends, and the just need friends too. Although philosophers differed on where friendship grows- whether between similar people or between opposites, Aristotle is not bothered by it. According to him just feeling goodwill towards another, which is not reciprocated, is not friendship, but goodwill. He categorizes friendship in three different kinds. Friendship blossoms where the other person is lovable. According to Aristotle, everything is not lovable but only the good, pleasant and the useful. Thus, in friendship too, there is love when the person is good, or pleasant or useful. Aristotle argues that since usefulness changes with time, the friendship cultivated for the sake of usefulness would soon dissolve. Similarly, friendship which grows because it is pleasant is also not permanent. Aristotle defines perfect friendship as that which exists between men who are both good and have the sa

The Modern Nuclear Family Essay Example for Free

The Modern Nuclear Family Essay The nuclear, isolated, or restricted family is not a recent phenomenon, but has existed in many cultures throughout human history. Indeed, the extended family of several generations is found mostly in relatively advanced, stable, and affluent, but not yet industrialized societies. Very primitive and very sophisticated societies seem to prefer the nuclear family model. However, nuclear families can vary in the degree of their isolation and restrictedness. For example, before the Industrial Revolution the Western nuclear family was often embedded in a larger social unit, such as a farm or estate, an aristocratic court, or a village populated by relatives. Many older city neighborhoods also kept kinship ties strong, and thus even very small families remained open to the community. Family visits might be frequent and extended; children might freely circulate and feel at home in several households. On the other hand, we have seen that, beginning in the late 17th century, a trend toward closeness reduced the size of many larger households and changed the relationships between the remaining family members. They became more concerned about each other. They needed each other more. The idyllic home of the bourgeois became an island of serenity in the gathering storm of modernization, a haven secure from the world out there, from aggressiveness, competition, and class warfare. We have also seen how this home sheltered women and protected the children from sexual and other temptations. Other nasty social realities were also kept safely at bay. The family income was no longer earned inside, but rather outside the house. The division of labor between the sexes became more pronounced as men spent more and more time away from their families as wage earners in factories, shops, and offices. Their wives became almost the only companions of their small children whose care and education was now their main responsibility. (Formerly, these tasks had been divided between mothers, grandmothers, nurses, and servants.) Virtually the only middle-class men who still worked at home were doctors and lawyers in private practice. As a rule, however, the bourgeois family saw its head and breadwinner only when he returned from his work at night. This work itself remained an abstraction to both his wife and his children. The removal of productive work from the home into the factories had, of course, important consequences for all family members. It was no longer necessary for any of them to develop strong roots in any particular community or to become attached to a particular house. Instead, they became free to move about, to follow industrial development into new settlements, to go after the jobs wherever they might be. Moreover, family connections became less important, as factory work became ever more rationalized and efficient. Nepotism gave way to hiring and promotion on merit alone. By the same token, the new worker, business man, or bureaucrat no longer had to take care of distant relatives. He now worked exclusively for his own small family and this made him more industrious. He could advance faster, since his income had to support only very few people. Thus, the individual husband and father was no longer weighed down by traditions or extensive social obligations. In addition, the education of his children and the care of his aged or sick parents began to be taken over by the state. In view of these developments, many observers have noted a fit between the nuclear family and industrialism. In other words, small, intimate, and mobile families seem best suited to advance the cause of industrialization and, conversely, industrialization seems to encourage the formation of small families. After all, in modern industrial societies there is a general trend toward equality and personal independence. This, in turn, allows for the free choice of a marriage partner, place of residence, and occupation. In an extended family these freedoms are always restricted, because a wrong choice would affect too many relatives. Thus, people who want to take full advantage of the new possibilities normally marry late and keep their families small. However, this rule also has its exceptions. Sometimes large families are more useful, because they can serve as a back-up unit by providing shelter and aid at crucial moments. This may be especially important for lower-class individuals who try to move up, although the higher classes often also maintain extensive family ties. Thus, even in fully industrialized societies one can find many men and women who appreciate the traditional extended family or at least a large network of relatives. Still, by and large, the closely-knit nuclear family has been dominant in Western societies for the last several generations, and thus it has shaped the general perception of what a family should be: A man and a woman marry for love, have two or three children, live alone by themselves in a family home or apartment, and spend all their free time together. The man leaves for work in the morning, while the woman takes care of the children and the house. She also cooks dinner and ministers to her exhausted husband when he returns at night. Once or twice a year, at Thanksgiving or Christmas, there is a brief, ceremonial get-together with other relatives at Grandmas house, but otherwise everyone keeps his distance and minds his own business. Obviously, according to this ideal model, the family members are relatively isolated from the larger kindred and, indeed, from the rest of the community. However, they are to be compensated for this isolation by a greater emotional warmth inside the nuclear circle. Father, mother, and children are to be the world for each other. A deep mutual love is supposed to keep them together and boost their morale as they compete economically with other small family units. Unfortunately, as many families have discovered, things do not always work out that way. The lack of wider contacts is often perceived as crippling, too much closeness becomes oppressive, and inescapable familiarity breeds contempt. Therefore, almost from the beginning, the modern nuclear family has also been subject to criticism. In Victorian times, when the cult of the home was at its height, this criticism was expressed mainly by great bourgeois writers, such as Flaubert, Ibsen and Strindberg, who denounced the hypocrisy, shallowness, and dullness of middle-class life, and who exposed the suffering and vicious psychological infighting behind the facade of respectability. The family was further criticised on philosophical and political grounds by Friedrich Engels who tied it to the origin and maintenance of private property. Finally, Sigmund Freud provided perhaps the most serious, if indirect, accusation when he described the happy nuclear household as the breeding ground of neurosis and sexual perversion. At any rate, by the late 19th century the disadvantages of the bourgeois family model had also become evident to many average men and women. The emotional hothouse atmosphere of the home began to seem stifling, and what once had been praised as a sanctuary was more and more often condemned as a prison. In the traditional extended family, children had been able to choose between several male and female adult role models; now they had only their parents. Formerly, their early education had been shaped by a number of different people and a variety of influences; now they depended entirely on their own mother and father. Actually, the latter was not even always available. Since he no longer worked inside the house, his children had no clear conception of his social role. Instead, he became simply an abstract provider and disciplinarian, a mysterious and distant authority figure. He was occasionally loved, frequently feared, but rarely understood. At the same time, the wife and mother found herself more restricted than ever before. Her greatly increased maternal duties kept her confined inside her four walls. She could venture outside only for a visit to church or to go shopping. Her world had shrunk, and her functions were narrowly circumscribed. She had to be feminine, motherly, sensitive, proper, and in all matters of importance she had to defer to her husband. It is understandable, therefore, that many Victorian women began to resent the nuclear family and their position in it. Thus, it was a signal of things to come when, in Ibsens A Dolls House, the heroine Nora simply walked out on her husband and children. As time went by, more and more women demanded complete legal equality with men and the freedom to develop their full potential as human beings. They began to struggle for the right to vote and the reform of marriage and divorce laws. They also entered the work force in ever increasing numbers. Finally, during World War I, they proved their capabilities in many formerly inaccessible jobs and thereby further emancipated themselves from the home. {See also The Emancipation of Women.) Recent decades have seen a continuation of this trend. In many families today both husband and wife work outside the house, while the children spend much of their time in a nursery, daycare center, kindergarten, or school. As a result, the emotional ties between family members have become somewhat less constrictive, and a greater tolerance prevails. The influence of peer groups has grown, not only for the children, but also for their mothers. The traditional male and female roles are being reevaluated. The mass media keep everyone in touch with the larger community and its continued transformation. Still, the family circle as such has not widened. Grandparents are rarely part of the household, but live on their own in retirement villages, senior citizen centers, or nursing homes. Unmarried relatives move to a singles hotel or apartment building. Thus, the average American family remains fairly small. Indeed, there are now many fatherless families consisting only of a woman and her children. The one-parent family or core family is usually described as an incomplete nuclear family, and there is a general assumption that it is socially undesirable. The lack of a father figure is seen as detrimental to child development, and hasty generalizations are made about undue female influence. In the U.S. these comments sometimes even have racist overtones, as mother-child families are frequently found in the poor black population. However, with the rising divorce rate, this family type has also become increasingly common in the white middle class. Indeed, at the present time about 1 out of 6 children in America lives with only one parent, and the number of such households may well increase in the future. After all, our welfare regulations and other government policies often have the effect of breaking up families that would otherwise stay together. Our legisiatures have not yet learned how to test new laws through family impact studies which would reveal such unintended consequences in advance. Still, in the meantime it should be remembered that the one-parent family is not necessarily bad. In the years following the two World Wars, millions of women have successfully brought up their children alone, and this impressive example should caution us against superficial judgments. Moreover, upon closer examination, many core families are discovered to maintain close connections to wider kinship groups and thus turn out to be more open and viable than might have been supposed. Finally, we know that there are also many father-child families which have not received sufficient critical attention. It is another question whether the nuclear family itself, even when complete, is still the best available option. Many people today are convinced that small, single households are uneconomical and wasteful, that they are still emotionally unhealthy, that they perpetuate outmoded sterotypical sex roles, and that they produce competitive, egotistical children in an age when universal cooperation seems the only hope of mankind. It is also argued that the modern family no longer has any other function than to provide love and intimacy, and that this is by no means enough to justify its existence. Indeed, since families have been largely relieved of their economic, educational, and protective functions by the state, sexual attachment has become the nearly exclusive basis of marriage, and this basis is notoriously weak. Frequent divorce and remarriage, however, while perhaps practical for the adults, hardly seem in the best interest of the children. Under the circumstances, it is only fitting that a number of thoughtful men and women should continue to search for more stable, new and improved family models.

Communications Decency Act: Regulation In Cyberspace :: essays research papers

Communications Decency Act: Regulation In Cyberspace Being one of millions of surfers throughout the Internet, I see that fundamental civil liberties are as important in cyberspace as they are in traditional contexts. Cyberspace defined in Webster's Tenth Edition dictionary is the on-line worlds of networks. The right to speak and publish using a virtual pen has its roots in a long tradition dating back to the very founding of democracy in this country. With the passage of the 1996 Telecommunications Act, Congress has prepared to turn the Internet from one of the greatest resources of cultural, social, and scientific information into the online equivalent of a children's reading room. By invoking the overboard and vague term â€Å"indecent† as the standard by which electronic communication should be censored, Congress has insured that information providers seeking to avoid criminal prosecution will close the gates on anything but the most tame information and discussions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Communications Decency Act calls for two years of jail time for anyone caught using â€Å"indecent† language over the net; as if reading profanities online affects us more dramatically than reading them on paper. Our First Amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press....† The Act takes away this right. The Constitution- defying traitors creating these useless laws do not they understand the medium they're trying to control. What they â€Å"claim† is that they are trying to protect our children from moral threatening content.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This â€Å"protect our helpless children† ideology is bogus. If more government officials were more knowledgeable about online information they would realize the huge flaw the Communication Decency Act contains. We don't need the government to patrol fruitlessly on the Internet when parents can simply install software like Net Nanny or Surf Watch. These programs block all â€Å"sensitive† material from entering one's modem line. What's more, legislators have already passed effective laws against obscenity and child pornography. We don't need a redundant Act to accomplish what has already been written.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over 17 million Web pages float throughout cyberspace. Never before has information been so instant, and so global. And never before has our government been so spooked by the potential power â€Å"little people† have at their fingertips.

Mastery Learning

Teaching involves numerous different factors and aspects of learning. Teaching employs different models and approaches in an effort to find the best way to address the needs of students. One such model or appraoch used by teachers is mastery learning. The goal of this paper is to achieve a better understanding of mastery learning through a review of past literature. How is mastery learning defined by the literature? What are the benefits of using mastery learning? How is mastery learning applied in higher education? Answers to these questions will be identified through a careful reading of the information presented in previously published articles regarding mastery learning. Mastery learning, initially, is a theory about teaching and learning. It emphasizes the belief that any educator can aid almost all students to learn excellently. By the term ‘excellently’, what is indicated is the maximum potential of the individual to learn. No matter the inherent differences in characteristics between students, mastery learning asserts that teachers can teach these students to learn in exactly the same way. (Block, 1980) The term mastery learning is also often used to refer to a set of individualized teaching practices that are consistent in their effectiveness to aid almost all students to learn excellently. These practices are divided into group-based and individual-based or teacher-paced and student-paced practices. In the group-based or teacher-paced mastery learning, the teacher is the one who determines the direction and flow the learning process. In the individual-based or student-paced practices, it is the student who determines the direction and flow of the learning process. (Block, 1980) Both types of practices have different developmental backgrounds but both have the same goal, which is to be able to teach excellent learning skills. A more operational definition of mastery learning can be acquired through a look into its mechanisms. According to Ironsmith & Eppler (2007), mastery learning involves a paradigm shift with regard to the definition of failure in education. Failure is not related to the results of an assessment of the student’s ability. Failure, in mastery learning, is related to the feedback a student gets about his or her progress. Mastery learning involves the use of feedback by students in order to supplement any deficiencies in their learning progress. The feedback serves as a director of what material needs to be learned more and also serves to increase the strength of the contingency between the student’s efforts and his or her academic success. The benefits of mastery learning as an optimistic theory are clear. By teaching students to be able to learn excellently, their chances of success in life become higher. The social and individual rewards are great both for the student and the teacher. (Block, 1980) The student is able to acquire skills and abilities that will aid him or her in future undertakings outside the school setting. Students of mastery learning also become motivated to continue the learning process in their lives because of the rewards – either material or non-material – that they receive from their acquired ability to learn excellently. On more palpable benefits, the study by Ironsmith & Eppler (2007) have shown that final exam scores were higher for students in mastery learning classes as opposed to those in normal lecture classes. Also, the benefits were greater for those students with the lowest grade point averages (GPA’s). The benefits came about as a result of the increased mastery of the material discussed. Endorsement to achievement goals that were more adaptive for the students also contributed to the attainment of the benefits. (Ironsmith & Eppler, 2007) Mastery learning also has benefits for the educational system as well as for the educators applying its principles. With the success of the application of mastery learning, teachers are rewarded with the knowledge that their students succeeded. Also, career rewards, praise and acknowledgments from colleagues as well as gratitude from the students themselves are to be expected. These will also serve as rewarding factors for the individual. The benefit to be derived by the educational system from these is the fact that good and accomplished teachers will be retained. Teachers will be inclined to continue teaching as a result of the intrinsic and extrinsic rewards received from the application of mastery learning. (Block, 1980) The effects and benefits to be derived from mastery learning are long term thus indicating a more profound impact on the lives of those who apply it. In higher education students, learning approaches such as the Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) (Ironsmith & Eppler, 2007) are applied. These are based on the concepts of mastery learning albeit posing a more structured and organized design. A general PSI class would involve learning modules, self-tests, mastery tests, and feedback from educators. The mechanism for mastery learning in higher education, however, remains the same. It still involves the concepts of approaching instruction systematically, of being proactive instead of reactive, of managing the learning and not the learners, of matching the instruction to the outcomes as well as to the learners, and the like. (Block, 1980) Over all, mastery learning is still in the minority of applied models of teaching. However, its use in classrooms is continuously increasing. (Block, 1980) The benefits to be reaped from application of mastery learning in the educational system are assessed to be great. Also, the principles on which it is founded are sound and, in fact, seem to be a more adaptive way to view the educational system. Investigations into the viability of mastery learning as a learning theory should be continued. Also, more schools should begin to introduce the system into their classrooms. References Block, J. H. (1980). Promoting excellence through mastery learning. Theory Into Practice, 19(1), 66-74 Ironsmith, M., & Eppler, M. A. (2007). Mastery learning benefits low-aptitude students.

The Internet Brings About Some Disadvantages to Users and Society

It is obvious that in today’s modern world, people access to information technology for granted. Although it is necessary for our life to contact with each other easily, technology also causes some problems, which affected relationship people. In my point of view, there are two aspects both positive and negative impact from technological development. Since the internet was invented, which has made great changes lifestyle in society, almost activities are able to implement with technology. To start with, the online- communication tools such as: email, teleconference software, messenger†¦ it is helpful to connect people, who live far from their family or colleagues work in different regions. For example, everyone can perform various activities by e-commerce like booking accommodation, flights, purchasing stuff†¦. without leaving home. Therefore, the internet becomes prevalent device in modern life, which seems like a major technological breakthrough. Otherwise, overusing the internet and neglecting the real life can lead to social isolation. Researchers reveal that people who spend too much time at the computer tend to have difficulties when they communicate with somebody in real world. When internet access fills most people’s time, and even their leisure time, this is cause of disconnection with their family, friends or community. Furthermore, it also result in some health‘s problems such as obesity, myopia†¦ In conclusion, technology has both pros and cons. In my opinion, the advantages are stronger than disadvantages; the internet brings many benefits and will not disappear. Thus people should learn to use technology efficiently so that we can limit their bad effects.

Animal Liberation Front (ALF) Background and Goals

Animal Liberation Front (ALF) Background and Goals Animal Liberation Front (ALF) has no firmly established date of origin. It was founded either in the late 1970s or early 1980s.  ALF maintains an association with PETA, (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals). In the mid-1980s, PETA often reported to the press when anonymous ALF activists took animals from U.S. laboratories. ALF activists have also been closely associated with Stop Huntington Animal Cruelty (SHAC), a movement aimed at shutting down Huntingdon Life Sciences, a European animal testing company. Actions against HLS have included bombing property. The Animal Liberation Press Offices, which operate on several continents, issue statements on behalf of not only ALF, but also more militant groups such as the Animal Rights Militia, which emerged into public view in 1982 when it claimed responsibility for a letter bomb sent to former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and several English legislators. Objective ALFs objective, in its own terms, is to end animal abuse. They do this by liberating animals from exploitative situations, such as in laboratories where they are used for experiments and causing financial damage to animal exploiters. According to the groups current website, ALFs mission is to effectively allocate resources (time and money) to end the property status of nonhuman animals. The objective of the mission is to abolish institutionalized animal exploitation because it assumes that animals are property. Tactics and  Organization According to the ALF, Because ALF actions may be against the law, activists work anonymously, either in small groups or individually, and do not have any centralized organization or coordination. Individuals or small groups take the initiative to act in the name of the ALF then report their activities to one of its national press offices. The organization has no leaders, nor can it truly be considered a network, since its various members/participants do not know each other, or even of each other. It calls itself a model of leaderless resistance. There is a certain amount of ambiguity about the role of violence for the group. ALF pledges its commitment to not harming either human or non-human animals, but its members have taken actions which can justifiably be considered as threatening violence against people. Origins and Context Concern for animal welfare has a history stretching back to the late 18th century. Historically, animal protectionists, as they were once known, focused on ensuring that animals were treated well, but from within a humanist framework that envisions humans as responsible for the earths other creatures. Beginning in the 1980s, there was a noticeable shift in this philosophy, toward an understanding that animals have autonomous rights. According to some, this movement was essentially an extension of the civil rights movement. Indeed, one of the participants in a 1984 break-in at the University of Pennsylvania to retrieve animals used in scientific experiments, said at the time that: We may seem like radicals to you. But we are like the abolitionists, who were regarded as radicals too. And we hope that 100 years from now people will look back on the way animals are treated now with the same horror as we do when we look back on the slave trade.(quoted in William Robbins Animal Rights: A Growing Movement in the U.S., New York Times, June 15, 1984). Animal rights activists have been becoming increasingly militant since the mid-1980s, and increasingly willing to threaten people, such s animal researchers and their families as well as corporate employees. The FBI named the ALF a domestic terrorist threat in 1991, and the Department of Homeland Security followed suit in January 2005. Notable Actions July 1984: ALF activists stole three cats, two dogs and eight pigeons from University of Pennsylvania laboratoriesThe ALF and the Earth Liberation Front (ELF) took responsibility for smashing Bank of New York windows and posting graffiti such as BNY Kills Puppies to protest the banks business with Huntingdon Life Sciences.2004: Construction of an Oxford University research lab intended to include animal experimentation was halted following repeated vandalizing at the construction site, and threats to shareholders, attributed to ALF2006: ALF claimed responsibility for leaving an incendiary device on UCLA researcher Lynn Fairbanks front porch for her work as a sadistic monkey killer.

5 Resume Tips to Guarantee an Interview

5 Resume Tips to Guarantee an Interview You’ve sent out countless resumes and pored over endless classified job ads, but you still don’t have a bite on an interview. What are you doing wrong? The following tips can help you improve your resume  so it gets noticed by the hiring manager and can practically guarantee an interview. Instead of moping or thinking of planting a vegetable garden for sustenance, give it a try, and you may be pleasantly surprised by the results. We have also compiled a list of best resume tips in 2016 to help you land that interview. 1. Make Your Language  CompellingUse the first few seconds it takes to read your resume to present a compelling statement about why you are perfect for the job. That doesn’t mean you need to be able to write like a famous author with a bestseller. Use spare language and detail to explain what you can do to benefit the company. Write the reasons why you were essential in your former job. Connect your old job to the new job by using parallels to s how how you would be a valuable asset to the company.2. Include Relevant KeywordsUse the job description to find relevant keywords  (those words   special to the job classification), and place  them in your resume. Companies use specific keywords to help them find the right person for the job. A hiring manager or recruiter will be scanning resumes for these keywords to find potential candidates.For example, recruiters for administrative assistant jobs may look for words such as scheduling, record-keeping, or communication skills. If an employer uses a tracking system for applicants, keywords that appear near the top of a resume or more often get boosted up toward the top of the pile of applications. Also, use specific word groupings that appear in the job description. If the word used in the job description is record-keeping, use that term- not bookkeeping.3. Have a Good FlowA resume should be easily readable and have good flow- just like a good  story. Your story includes y our accomplishments, your creativeness and special abilities, where you worked, and how you benefited previous employers.4. Make It  Neat and ProfessionalA resume that uses a fancy font, curlicues, or little hearts will get zero attention from a hiring manager. This is not the place to present your creative talents, unless you are applying for a position as an artist or something similar. Leave out graphic elements except for bullet points. Underlining can make a hiring manager think you are including a hyperlink, so just leave it out.5. Use Line Spacing When NeededAlthough you want your resume to be in chronological order like a story, you don’t want it to look like the page out of an old history book. Resumes with too much information crammed onto one page are difficult to read, boring, and look like too much work to extract relevant data. Breaking your resume up with line spaces that are strategically placed can do wonders. It can also be helpful to use blocks of informa tion with spaces in between to make it easily scannable and readable. That way, the hiring manager will get a clear picture of your work and accomplishments. If you have so much to include in a resume that using a few line spaces isn’t possible, your resume is too long, and you need to start cutting.A resume that is well-written, neat and informative goes a long way toward getting you that important interview if you have the right job qualifications. Doing your job search through job ads is one way to hunt for that new position. TheJobNetwork expands on job hunting by doing your job search for you and sending you email alerts when positions fitting your qualifications come up. In this way, you are being proactive and are not going to miss out on any potential employers that might be right for you. After you list your job interests and qualifications, you can also search among our over 2 million job listings yourself. Sign up with TheJobNetwork to get started.

The effectiveness of mouth-care practices for preventing ventilator Literature review

The effectiveness of mouth-care practices for preventing ventilator associated pneumonia in ventilated patients - Literature review Example This paper focuses upon ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), an avertable resultant of mechanical ventilation and intubation. VAP is essentially pneumonia that forms in intubated patients within the first 48 or so hours. It normally occurs in patients have been put on a mechanical ventilator support to aid their laboured breathing. As will be noted in the research findings, VAP is preventable through a number of interventions. According to the Institute of Healthcare Improvements, VAP prevention in intubated patients can be done by raising the head of ventilated patients’ beds up to 300, administering blockers such as gastric histamine, using sequential compression devices such as anticoagulants to inhibit venous thromboembolism. In addition, VAP can be averted in intubated patients by administering nurses exercising proper hand hygiene when performing intubation. Furthermore, interrupting daily sedation programs at 10 am to assess neurologic status is a key step aimed at pr eventing VAP in patients. As the dissertation will make clear, oral hygiene is of paramount importance when considering prevention and mitigating effects of VAP. By the end of this paper, it will be clear that coupling the aforementioned preventative bundles and timely oral hygiene measures such as tooth brushing can indeed prevent VAP occurrence. Therefore, this paper supports the premise that oral hygiene is paramount in dealing with and preventing VAP in ventilated patients.... Therefore, this paper supports the premise that oral hygiene is paramount in dealing with and preventing VAP in ventilated patients. Table of Contents 1.0 Abstract ......................................................................................................................... p. 2-3 2.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................... p. 5-6 3.0 Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................p.6 4.0 Literature Review ...........................................................................................................p. 6-8 5.0 Research Methods ..........................................................................................................p. 8-10 6.0 List of Tables 6.1 Findings of CHX study............................................................................................ p. 13 6.2 Incident of VAP i n neurologic patients of the ICU ................................................ p. 14 7.0 Findings ..........................................................................................................................p.10-19 8.0 Discussion ......................................................................................................................p. 19- 22 9.0 Conclusion and Recommendations .............................................................................. p. 22-23 10.0 References ..............................................................................................................p. 19-21 2.0 Introduction The writer of this review works as a nurse in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) situated within a large teaching hospital. The hospital is one of

Critical Questions Major Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Questions Major Paper - Essay Example Are they not everything that is against the America way? Is it right for the persecuted, the hungry and the poor to want a part of this dream? No, it cannot be because this would be against the foundations of the American Constitution – a constitution that promises rights for everybody. However, this immigration problem may used to solve our problem with a renewable source of energy1. Rather than importing oil from foreign countries we could open or border so that we can farm immigrants. This would reduce worldwide consumption2, without decreasing or threatening the consumer society of America. As a result it should be taken into consideration that any step taken should be taking keeping in mind mainly the domestic portfolio of the basic citizen. Well, one of the biggest problems for these immigrants is large families and over reproduction, as a result that leads to over consumption. Therefore, using them as fuel would provide us with a renewable source of energy, therefore making a better energy choice. This new fuel resource would be important, because traditional fuels are being targeted as bad for the environment.3 Once an individual is past child bearing they become a source of fuel, all unnecessary males also face this future. In doing this not only can we reduce the amount of consumption that these immigrants are taking away from red-blooded Americans, but also the fear of male immigrants becoming terrorists is reduced and also we have a renewable source of energy. For this a set of agencies could be erected. The prime objective of these agencies would be executing the laid down plan. It is a must the state should be funding them. To understand the importance of this proposal one has to consider the alternatives. The alternative is that we open or even close or borders to these immigrants; whatever the policy approach that is taken these

Sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sports - Essay Example When fans attend a sports match, they want to feel satisfied that they have got their money’s worth. The three sports that are the most spectator-friendly are wresting, basketball, and soccer. The kind of sums paid to participants in these sports makes the price of admission go up considerably. True fans, though, do not want to miss out on any action and will thus support their sport no end. Wrestling is a sport that is not for the faint of heart. As there is no ball involved, the wrestlers must use their bare hands to overcome their opponent. For fans, this can be great because they can view two fighters slugging it out in the ring. This is a sport that relies a lot upon adrenaline. The thrill that viewers get exceeds the average sporting experience. A downside to participating in this sport is that a lot of physical damage can occur to the body. Later in life, ex-wrestlers commonly have permanent physical disabilities that result in them not being able to live a normal life. Many ex-wrestlers end up going off the deep end and doing something bad. Basketball is one of the fastest sports out there. It is played so fast that there is very little time for players to celebrate after they have made a basket, simply because the opposing team is already making their way down the court. The power and skill of some basketball players makes this sport an awesome viewing experience. For spectators, prices can be expensive because of the wealth of the sport. Similar to wrestling, although not quite as much, basketball is a relatively physical sport. The sheer physical size of some of the players means that it is inevitable that physical contact will be part and parcel of the sport. Finally, soccer is often called the beautiful game because of the nice way in which it is played. Just like basketball, soccer is known as a ball sport. Most people consider the sport to be somewhat physical,

Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

Great Gatsby Essay Not only does the idea of money being the most important factor in life means one’s partner comes second, it additionally solidities one’s class, meaning families are separated just by the amount of money they have to their names. Fitzgerald illustrates the theme of doomed love with the relationship of Tom Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson, Tom,  powerfully built and hailing from a socially solid old family yet associating with Myrtle, whose lifeless husband George owns a run-down garage in the valley of ashes, representing two extreme classes. McEwan reinforces this theme in the relationship between Robbie Turner and Cecilia Tallis, Robbie a gardener and Cecilia the daughter of the ministry-employed and wealthy Jack Tallis are also partitioned by class. Consequently, relationships in both novels are doubtlessly doomed due to the impenetrable barriers of class and wealth. Throughout the novel, this theme is reinforced as we discover a consistent number of tragedies in the majority of relationships. The idea of Gatsby’s and Daisy’s relationship being inevitably doomed is emphasized with the Gatsby using the abstract noun ‘passion’ showing the obsession he has with Daisy, highlighting the idea of a Romeo and Juliet relationship, one being so in love that it is bound to end in tragedy. Additionally, Fitzgerald illuminates doomed love with symbolism describing the portrait of Dan Cody, a man who mirrors the average man in the American soceity as a ‘florid man with a hard, empty face’ which reflects the hollowness of people and their materialistic views; they solely focus on their wealth over relationships. McEwan reflects such demeanour in Briony Tallis’ story ‘The Princess was well aware of his remorseless wickedness, but that made it no easier to overcome the voluminous love she felt in her heart for Sir Romulus’ again initiating the predicament of unconditional love. This is obviously bound to end in disaster when such dispute, such as class separation and the ‘importance’ of money is involved in the relationship which reflects Fitzgerald’s relationship of Gatsby and Daisy where Gatsby is unbelievably in love with Daisy and yet we know she does not feel quite the same way, again initiating disaster. Symbolism, a feature Fitzgerald continuously employs for the duration of ‘The Great Gatsby’ additionally emphasizes the theme of doomed loved. Previous to Daisy’s arrival in Chapter Four, Gatsby exclaimed a few minutes before she was due to arrive that ‘Nobody’s coming to tea. It’s too late! ’ and that he ‘can’t wait all day’, this is a very ironic statement, firstly for the fact he says ‘nobody’s coming’ as we know that Daisy really never does return into Gatsby’s life as he wishes she will and secondly that he says ‘it’s too late! and yet he’s waited five years to   see Daisy. Furthermore, when Gatsby and Daisy first sit down together, ‘the clock took this moment to tilt dangerously at the pressure of his head’ which symbolises the idea of time being a very important theme, the adverb ‘dangerously’ clearly highlighting how precarious the desi re to recapture the past really is. The idea that when the clock fell off the mantelpiece, it stopped, symbolises Gatsby’s life, frozen in time, he believing everything between him and Daisy will be exactly as it was, five years before. Fitzgerald carries on using symbolism behind all issues in the novel, after the tragic death of Gatsby, Tom Buchanan and Daisy Fay flee to a new house far away rather than condescend to attend Gatsby’s funeral, ‘They were careless people, Tom and Daisythey smashed up things’  again mirroring the hollowness of people and the hedonistic attitudes they have to life; all they care about is themselves, nobody else’s feelings and so this is an additional important factor to why relationships end up in pieces. Furthermore, ‘the green light’ is another important symbol in ‘The Great Gatsby’ representing Gatsby’s hopes and dreams for the future. In Chapter One, ‘he stretched out his arms towards a single green light’ as a guiding light to lead him to his goal: Daisy and yet at the end of the novel, we realise his dream was one stuck in the past, impossible to achieve, although Nick as the retrospective narrator observes, the light does still continue to shine one, symbolising hope for the rest of us and yet so much doom for Gatsby and Daisy and the love between them. The prominent theme of doomed love is additionally supported by McEwan’s fragmented structure of the novel symbolising the broken hearts of Robbie Turner and Cecilia Tallis which is mirrored in Nick’s unreliable narrative voice. An obsession with materialism reflects the hollowness of the people of 1920s America, Gatsby reinforces this object-orientated focus when he cries ‘she only married you because I was poor and she was tired waiting for me’, obviously highlighting that the only reason Daisy was to marry was for money, not the fact she loved thus illuminating doomed love as the relationship is based on money and materialism. Fitzgerald uses wealth imagery to describe Daisy ‘Her voice is full of money’ symbolising the need for money as a support for her own personality. Kevin Rea writes ‘the sense of hope conveyed by yellow is still present in the light and music. But the fact ‘the earth lurches away from the sun’ hints at the transient powers wealth bestows’’ which again illuminates the theme of money being so important, yet underneath it only leads to disaster in relationships in the novel again initiating the theme of doomed love. Incredibly, Gatsby himself is one factor of his own relationship with Daisy being so doomed. Blinded by the astronomic amount of love he has for her, Gatsby states ‘Can’t repeat the past? Why of course you can! ’, emphasizing the unachievable expectations he has, all he wants to do is regress to five years before and reunite perfectly with his ‘love’, but coincidently we know this is quite the opposite of what happens. Furthermore Gatsby wants something of Daisy that she can’t give, an unachievable statement, for her to ‘just tell him the truth, that you never loved him and its all wiped out forever’ about Tom, but we know this can’t happen as Daisy’s love for Tom was once real and strong as narrated in Jordan’s vignette. Fitzgerald uses an abundance of pathetic fallacy throughout the novel in coordination with the theme of doomed love. Gatsby and Daisy’s first meeting seems particularly awkward which reflects the weather, ‘pouring†¦small muddy swamps and prehistoric marshes’ reinforcing the mood. Additionally, as Gatsby and Daisy began to ‘click’ and ‘bond’ the ‘sun shone again’ initiating an optimistic and joyful mood. Sorrow returns at the tragic funeral of Gatsby along with the miserable weather, ‘thick drizzle’, ‘rain poured down his thick glasses’ showing doom in any love between him and Daisy. Likewise, McEwan uses pathetic fallacy, Leon asks Cecelia if ‘the hot weather’ makes her behave badly, this weather reflecting the difficulties between Robbie and Cecelia, the weather a hindrance, an obstruction, a way of creating misery in one’s life, mirroring Briony Tallis’ role in ‘Atonement’ and how she destroys and completely gets in the way of the relationship, consequently illuminating the theme of doomed love and reflecting ‘The Great Gatsby’ in the way Gatsby is an obstruction with his own affiliation with Daisy Fay. As we begin to draw close to the end of ‘The Great Gatsby’, we come across the reunited relationship of Daisy and Tom ‘sitting opposite each other’. Fitzgerald describes the couple ‘they weren’t happy†¦and yet they weren’t unhappy either’ mirroring the people of 1920s America, in the Jazz Age, as Gertrude Stein stated they were ‘the lost generation’ and had no real point to life and so lived unhappily, happily. Although this image of the two sitting together not showing compassion or love could represent doomed love, some could alternatively say that this relationship, which looked doomed at the start, is now the only good, strong one left, contradicting the theme. Mike Peters writes ‘not only Gatsby, but several of the other characters remain enigmas’, showing mysteriousness to the characters in Fitzgerald’s ‘The Great Gatsby’, maybe Gatsby did only love Daisy for the money or maybe Daisy never loved Tom? None of us can know, excluding Fitzgerald, we have no final conclusions to draw. However, it is clear that in the heartless and materialism obsessed society that Fitzgerald creates, it is only the most corrupt relationship that survives at the end. To finally conclude, Fitzgerald’s ‘The Great Gatsby’ leaves us with nothing but disappointment, which shows contrast to McEwan’s ‘Atonement’ which then leaves us with the possibility of hope and faith. Fitzgerald leaves us with sadness and we feel sympathy for the characters in the book, they all seem lost and seeking for something and yet the only solution they discover is money, highlighting again the theme of doomed love, money before love. The death of Myrtle Wilson devastates hers and George’s relationship which is obviously the result of her materialistic values and her longing for Tom’s money, her main focus in a man was his money, this is highlighted when she says that ‘Oh, is that your suit? I said. This is the first I ever heard about it. But I gave it to him and then I lay down and cried to beat the band all afternoon† reinforcing the idea that wealth is of huge importance to her. Gatsby obviously dead and Tom and Daisy reunited, but only on the thread of a string, all these sorrows as a result of money and class partition. Additionally, the death of Robbie Turner in ‘Atonement’ is the result of class partitioning and so is also hi ghlighting the theme of doomed love, a major theme in both F. Scott. Fitzgerald’s ‘The Great Gatsby’ and Ian McEwan’s ‘Atonement’.

Confucianism Essay -- Papers China Chinese Culture Religion Essays

Confucianism A philosopher named Confucius founded Confucianism in China 2,500 years ago. Confucianism is a system of ethical behavior and social responsibility that became the great traditions of the East.1 It played an important role in the evolution in Chinese culture over the centuries. It has influenced near-by countries and had made a mark in the history of religion. There are today over six million people who call themselves Confucianists. Most Confucianists live in East Asia where Confucianism is thought to be born. For over two thousand years, Confucianism has been the dominant philosophical system of Chinese government, which has still a great hold on their people. Because Chinese culture has spread to the counties of Vietnam, Korea, and Japan, the values of Confucianism can be found there too. Confucius Confucius was born in 551 BC in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. During that time, the Zhou dynasty was in decline-this was controlled by King Zhou. As a child, Confucius would have make-believe rituals; as a young adult he quickly earned a reputation for politeness, fairness and had a love for learning. He traveled often and studied at the imperial capital, Zhou, where legend has it he spoke with Lao Zi, the leader of Daoism. When Confucius returned to Lu, he became a renowned teacher. At the age of 35, Confucius followed Duke Zhao into war. Duke Zhao was later captured and Confucius again followed. Zhao often went to Confucius for advice, but was later advised not to by one of his advisors. Eventually Zhao stopped going to him for advice and Confucius returned to Lu. When he returned, he saw that conditions have been unchanged so he retired from public life to concentrate on teaching and studying... ...ducted at the many Confucian temples on the island. In June, Taiwan?s Dragon Boat Festival commemorates the death, in 299 BCE, of the Confucian diplomat Chu Yuan, who drowned himself to call attention to unheeded demands for government reform. Bibliography: 1Confucianism ? World Religions by Thomas and Dorothy Hoober P. 3 2 Confucianism ? World Religions by Thomas and Dorothy Hoober P. 75 3 Confucianism http://albany.net/~geenius/kongfuzi/teach.html 4 Confucianism ? Encarta Encyclopedia http://www.encarta.com 5 Confucianism ? World Religions P. 56 6 Confucianism http://www.albany.net/~geenius/kongfuzi/modkong.html 7 World Book Encyclopedia ? Confucianism 8 Confucianism http://www.encyclopedia.com 9 Confucianism http://connect.net/ron/confucianism.html 10 Confucianism http://www.encarta.com (I would check it first)