Communications Decency Act: Regulation In Cyberspace :: essays research papers

Communications Decency Act: Regulation In Cyberspace Being one of millions of surfers throughout the Internet, I see that fundamental civil liberties are as important in cyberspace as they are in traditional contexts. Cyberspace defined in Webster's Tenth Edition dictionary is the on-line worlds of networks. The right to speak and publish using a virtual pen has its roots in a long tradition dating back to the very founding of democracy in this country. With the passage of the 1996 Telecommunications Act, Congress has prepared to turn the Internet from one of the greatest resources of cultural, social, and scientific information into the online equivalent of a children's reading room. By invoking the overboard and vague term â€Å"indecent† as the standard by which electronic communication should be censored, Congress has insured that information providers seeking to avoid criminal prosecution will close the gates on anything but the most tame information and discussions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Communications Decency Act calls for two years of jail time for anyone caught using â€Å"indecent† language over the net; as if reading profanities online affects us more dramatically than reading them on paper. Our First Amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press....† The Act takes away this right. The Constitution- defying traitors creating these useless laws do not they understand the medium they're trying to control. What they â€Å"claim† is that they are trying to protect our children from moral threatening content.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This â€Å"protect our helpless children† ideology is bogus. If more government officials were more knowledgeable about online information they would realize the huge flaw the Communication Decency Act contains. We don't need the government to patrol fruitlessly on the Internet when parents can simply install software like Net Nanny or Surf Watch. These programs block all â€Å"sensitive† material from entering one's modem line. What's more, legislators have already passed effective laws against obscenity and child pornography. We don't need a redundant Act to accomplish what has already been written.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over 17 million Web pages float throughout cyberspace. Never before has information been so instant, and so global. And never before has our government been so spooked by the potential power â€Å"little people† have at their fingertips.

Mastery Learning

Teaching involves numerous different factors and aspects of learning. Teaching employs different models and approaches in an effort to find the best way to address the needs of students. One such model or appraoch used by teachers is mastery learning. The goal of this paper is to achieve a better understanding of mastery learning through a review of past literature. How is mastery learning defined by the literature? What are the benefits of using mastery learning? How is mastery learning applied in higher education? Answers to these questions will be identified through a careful reading of the information presented in previously published articles regarding mastery learning. Mastery learning, initially, is a theory about teaching and learning. It emphasizes the belief that any educator can aid almost all students to learn excellently. By the term ‘excellently’, what is indicated is the maximum potential of the individual to learn. No matter the inherent differences in characteristics between students, mastery learning asserts that teachers can teach these students to learn in exactly the same way. (Block, 1980) The term mastery learning is also often used to refer to a set of individualized teaching practices that are consistent in their effectiveness to aid almost all students to learn excellently. These practices are divided into group-based and individual-based or teacher-paced and student-paced practices. In the group-based or teacher-paced mastery learning, the teacher is the one who determines the direction and flow the learning process. In the individual-based or student-paced practices, it is the student who determines the direction and flow of the learning process. (Block, 1980) Both types of practices have different developmental backgrounds but both have the same goal, which is to be able to teach excellent learning skills. A more operational definition of mastery learning can be acquired through a look into its mechanisms. According to Ironsmith & Eppler (2007), mastery learning involves a paradigm shift with regard to the definition of failure in education. Failure is not related to the results of an assessment of the student’s ability. Failure, in mastery learning, is related to the feedback a student gets about his or her progress. Mastery learning involves the use of feedback by students in order to supplement any deficiencies in their learning progress. The feedback serves as a director of what material needs to be learned more and also serves to increase the strength of the contingency between the student’s efforts and his or her academic success. The benefits of mastery learning as an optimistic theory are clear. By teaching students to be able to learn excellently, their chances of success in life become higher. The social and individual rewards are great both for the student and the teacher. (Block, 1980) The student is able to acquire skills and abilities that will aid him or her in future undertakings outside the school setting. Students of mastery learning also become motivated to continue the learning process in their lives because of the rewards – either material or non-material – that they receive from their acquired ability to learn excellently. On more palpable benefits, the study by Ironsmith & Eppler (2007) have shown that final exam scores were higher for students in mastery learning classes as opposed to those in normal lecture classes. Also, the benefits were greater for those students with the lowest grade point averages (GPA’s). The benefits came about as a result of the increased mastery of the material discussed. Endorsement to achievement goals that were more adaptive for the students also contributed to the attainment of the benefits. (Ironsmith & Eppler, 2007) Mastery learning also has benefits for the educational system as well as for the educators applying its principles. With the success of the application of mastery learning, teachers are rewarded with the knowledge that their students succeeded. Also, career rewards, praise and acknowledgments from colleagues as well as gratitude from the students themselves are to be expected. These will also serve as rewarding factors for the individual. The benefit to be derived by the educational system from these is the fact that good and accomplished teachers will be retained. Teachers will be inclined to continue teaching as a result of the intrinsic and extrinsic rewards received from the application of mastery learning. (Block, 1980) The effects and benefits to be derived from mastery learning are long term thus indicating a more profound impact on the lives of those who apply it. In higher education students, learning approaches such as the Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) (Ironsmith & Eppler, 2007) are applied. These are based on the concepts of mastery learning albeit posing a more structured and organized design. A general PSI class would involve learning modules, self-tests, mastery tests, and feedback from educators. The mechanism for mastery learning in higher education, however, remains the same. It still involves the concepts of approaching instruction systematically, of being proactive instead of reactive, of managing the learning and not the learners, of matching the instruction to the outcomes as well as to the learners, and the like. (Block, 1980) Over all, mastery learning is still in the minority of applied models of teaching. However, its use in classrooms is continuously increasing. (Block, 1980) The benefits to be reaped from application of mastery learning in the educational system are assessed to be great. Also, the principles on which it is founded are sound and, in fact, seem to be a more adaptive way to view the educational system. Investigations into the viability of mastery learning as a learning theory should be continued. Also, more schools should begin to introduce the system into their classrooms. References Block, J. H. (1980). Promoting excellence through mastery learning. Theory Into Practice, 19(1), 66-74 Ironsmith, M., & Eppler, M. A. (2007). Mastery learning benefits low-aptitude students.

The Internet Brings About Some Disadvantages to Users and Society

It is obvious that in today’s modern world, people access to information technology for granted. Although it is necessary for our life to contact with each other easily, technology also causes some problems, which affected relationship people. In my point of view, there are two aspects both positive and negative impact from technological development. Since the internet was invented, which has made great changes lifestyle in society, almost activities are able to implement with technology. To start with, the online- communication tools such as: email, teleconference software, messenger†¦ it is helpful to connect people, who live far from their family or colleagues work in different regions. For example, everyone can perform various activities by e-commerce like booking accommodation, flights, purchasing stuff†¦. without leaving home. Therefore, the internet becomes prevalent device in modern life, which seems like a major technological breakthrough. Otherwise, overusing the internet and neglecting the real life can lead to social isolation. Researchers reveal that people who spend too much time at the computer tend to have difficulties when they communicate with somebody in real world. When internet access fills most people’s time, and even their leisure time, this is cause of disconnection with their family, friends or community. Furthermore, it also result in some health‘s problems such as obesity, myopia†¦ In conclusion, technology has both pros and cons. In my opinion, the advantages are stronger than disadvantages; the internet brings many benefits and will not disappear. Thus people should learn to use technology efficiently so that we can limit their bad effects.

Animal Liberation Front (ALF) Background and Goals

Animal Liberation Front (ALF) Background and Goals Animal Liberation Front (ALF) has no firmly established date of origin. It was founded either in the late 1970s or early 1980s.  ALF maintains an association with PETA, (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals). In the mid-1980s, PETA often reported to the press when anonymous ALF activists took animals from U.S. laboratories. ALF activists have also been closely associated with Stop Huntington Animal Cruelty (SHAC), a movement aimed at shutting down Huntingdon Life Sciences, a European animal testing company. Actions against HLS have included bombing property. The Animal Liberation Press Offices, which operate on several continents, issue statements on behalf of not only ALF, but also more militant groups such as the Animal Rights Militia, which emerged into public view in 1982 when it claimed responsibility for a letter bomb sent to former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and several English legislators. Objective ALFs objective, in its own terms, is to end animal abuse. They do this by liberating animals from exploitative situations, such as in laboratories where they are used for experiments and causing financial damage to animal exploiters. According to the groups current website, ALFs mission is to effectively allocate resources (time and money) to end the property status of nonhuman animals. The objective of the mission is to abolish institutionalized animal exploitation because it assumes that animals are property. Tactics and  Organization According to the ALF, Because ALF actions may be against the law, activists work anonymously, either in small groups or individually, and do not have any centralized organization or coordination. Individuals or small groups take the initiative to act in the name of the ALF then report their activities to one of its national press offices. The organization has no leaders, nor can it truly be considered a network, since its various members/participants do not know each other, or even of each other. It calls itself a model of leaderless resistance. There is a certain amount of ambiguity about the role of violence for the group. ALF pledges its commitment to not harming either human or non-human animals, but its members have taken actions which can justifiably be considered as threatening violence against people. Origins and Context Concern for animal welfare has a history stretching back to the late 18th century. Historically, animal protectionists, as they were once known, focused on ensuring that animals were treated well, but from within a humanist framework that envisions humans as responsible for the earths other creatures. Beginning in the 1980s, there was a noticeable shift in this philosophy, toward an understanding that animals have autonomous rights. According to some, this movement was essentially an extension of the civil rights movement. Indeed, one of the participants in a 1984 break-in at the University of Pennsylvania to retrieve animals used in scientific experiments, said at the time that: We may seem like radicals to you. But we are like the abolitionists, who were regarded as radicals too. And we hope that 100 years from now people will look back on the way animals are treated now with the same horror as we do when we look back on the slave trade.(quoted in William Robbins Animal Rights: A Growing Movement in the U.S., New York Times, June 15, 1984). Animal rights activists have been becoming increasingly militant since the mid-1980s, and increasingly willing to threaten people, such s animal researchers and their families as well as corporate employees. The FBI named the ALF a domestic terrorist threat in 1991, and the Department of Homeland Security followed suit in January 2005. Notable Actions July 1984: ALF activists stole three cats, two dogs and eight pigeons from University of Pennsylvania laboratoriesThe ALF and the Earth Liberation Front (ELF) took responsibility for smashing Bank of New York windows and posting graffiti such as BNY Kills Puppies to protest the banks business with Huntingdon Life Sciences.2004: Construction of an Oxford University research lab intended to include animal experimentation was halted following repeated vandalizing at the construction site, and threats to shareholders, attributed to ALF2006: ALF claimed responsibility for leaving an incendiary device on UCLA researcher Lynn Fairbanks front porch for her work as a sadistic monkey killer.

5 Resume Tips to Guarantee an Interview

5 Resume Tips to Guarantee an Interview You’ve sent out countless resumes and pored over endless classified job ads, but you still don’t have a bite on an interview. What are you doing wrong? The following tips can help you improve your resume  so it gets noticed by the hiring manager and can practically guarantee an interview. Instead of moping or thinking of planting a vegetable garden for sustenance, give it a try, and you may be pleasantly surprised by the results. We have also compiled a list of best resume tips in 2016 to help you land that interview. 1. Make Your Language  CompellingUse the first few seconds it takes to read your resume to present a compelling statement about why you are perfect for the job. That doesn’t mean you need to be able to write like a famous author with a bestseller. Use spare language and detail to explain what you can do to benefit the company. Write the reasons why you were essential in your former job. Connect your old job to the new job by using parallels to s how how you would be a valuable asset to the company.2. Include Relevant KeywordsUse the job description to find relevant keywords  (those words   special to the job classification), and place  them in your resume. Companies use specific keywords to help them find the right person for the job. A hiring manager or recruiter will be scanning resumes for these keywords to find potential candidates.For example, recruiters for administrative assistant jobs may look for words such as scheduling, record-keeping, or communication skills. If an employer uses a tracking system for applicants, keywords that appear near the top of a resume or more often get boosted up toward the top of the pile of applications. Also, use specific word groupings that appear in the job description. If the word used in the job description is record-keeping, use that term- not bookkeeping.3. Have a Good FlowA resume should be easily readable and have good flow- just like a good  story. Your story includes y our accomplishments, your creativeness and special abilities, where you worked, and how you benefited previous employers.4. Make It  Neat and ProfessionalA resume that uses a fancy font, curlicues, or little hearts will get zero attention from a hiring manager. This is not the place to present your creative talents, unless you are applying for a position as an artist or something similar. Leave out graphic elements except for bullet points. Underlining can make a hiring manager think you are including a hyperlink, so just leave it out.5. Use Line Spacing When NeededAlthough you want your resume to be in chronological order like a story, you don’t want it to look like the page out of an old history book. Resumes with too much information crammed onto one page are difficult to read, boring, and look like too much work to extract relevant data. Breaking your resume up with line spaces that are strategically placed can do wonders. It can also be helpful to use blocks of informa tion with spaces in between to make it easily scannable and readable. That way, the hiring manager will get a clear picture of your work and accomplishments. If you have so much to include in a resume that using a few line spaces isn’t possible, your resume is too long, and you need to start cutting.A resume that is well-written, neat and informative goes a long way toward getting you that important interview if you have the right job qualifications. Doing your job search through job ads is one way to hunt for that new position. TheJobNetwork expands on job hunting by doing your job search for you and sending you email alerts when positions fitting your qualifications come up. In this way, you are being proactive and are not going to miss out on any potential employers that might be right for you. After you list your job interests and qualifications, you can also search among our over 2 million job listings yourself. Sign up with TheJobNetwork to get started.

The effectiveness of mouth-care practices for preventing ventilator Literature review

The effectiveness of mouth-care practices for preventing ventilator associated pneumonia in ventilated patients - Literature review Example This paper focuses upon ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), an avertable resultant of mechanical ventilation and intubation. VAP is essentially pneumonia that forms in intubated patients within the first 48 or so hours. It normally occurs in patients have been put on a mechanical ventilator support to aid their laboured breathing. As will be noted in the research findings, VAP is preventable through a number of interventions. According to the Institute of Healthcare Improvements, VAP prevention in intubated patients can be done by raising the head of ventilated patients’ beds up to 300, administering blockers such as gastric histamine, using sequential compression devices such as anticoagulants to inhibit venous thromboembolism. In addition, VAP can be averted in intubated patients by administering nurses exercising proper hand hygiene when performing intubation. Furthermore, interrupting daily sedation programs at 10 am to assess neurologic status is a key step aimed at pr eventing VAP in patients. As the dissertation will make clear, oral hygiene is of paramount importance when considering prevention and mitigating effects of VAP. By the end of this paper, it will be clear that coupling the aforementioned preventative bundles and timely oral hygiene measures such as tooth brushing can indeed prevent VAP occurrence. Therefore, this paper supports the premise that oral hygiene is paramount in dealing with and preventing VAP in ventilated patients.... Therefore, this paper supports the premise that oral hygiene is paramount in dealing with and preventing VAP in ventilated patients. Table of Contents 1.0 Abstract ......................................................................................................................... p. 2-3 2.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................... p. 5-6 3.0 Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................p.6 4.0 Literature Review ...........................................................................................................p. 6-8 5.0 Research Methods ..........................................................................................................p. 8-10 6.0 List of Tables 6.1 Findings of CHX study............................................................................................ p. 13 6.2 Incident of VAP i n neurologic patients of the ICU ................................................ p. 14 7.0 Findings ..........................................................................................................................p.10-19 8.0 Discussion ......................................................................................................................p. 19- 22 9.0 Conclusion and Recommendations .............................................................................. p. 22-23 10.0 References ..............................................................................................................p. 19-21 2.0 Introduction The writer of this review works as a nurse in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) situated within a large teaching hospital. The hospital is one of

Critical Questions Major Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Questions Major Paper - Essay Example Are they not everything that is against the America way? Is it right for the persecuted, the hungry and the poor to want a part of this dream? No, it cannot be because this would be against the foundations of the American Constitution – a constitution that promises rights for everybody. However, this immigration problem may used to solve our problem with a renewable source of energy1. Rather than importing oil from foreign countries we could open or border so that we can farm immigrants. This would reduce worldwide consumption2, without decreasing or threatening the consumer society of America. As a result it should be taken into consideration that any step taken should be taking keeping in mind mainly the domestic portfolio of the basic citizen. Well, one of the biggest problems for these immigrants is large families and over reproduction, as a result that leads to over consumption. Therefore, using them as fuel would provide us with a renewable source of energy, therefore making a better energy choice. This new fuel resource would be important, because traditional fuels are being targeted as bad for the environment.3 Once an individual is past child bearing they become a source of fuel, all unnecessary males also face this future. In doing this not only can we reduce the amount of consumption that these immigrants are taking away from red-blooded Americans, but also the fear of male immigrants becoming terrorists is reduced and also we have a renewable source of energy. For this a set of agencies could be erected. The prime objective of these agencies would be executing the laid down plan. It is a must the state should be funding them. To understand the importance of this proposal one has to consider the alternatives. The alternative is that we open or even close or borders to these immigrants; whatever the policy approach that is taken these